Debian 5.0.0 Lenny 安装全过程

steven-zhou

从Debian的官方网站下载(网络安装版的ISO镜像):
// http://www.debian.org/debian-500-i386-netinst.iso

设置网络环境
// 设置DNS，直接编辑/etc/resolv.conf 可以同时设置多个DNSnameserver 202.103.96.68nameserver 202.103.96.112// 设置IP，直接编辑/etc/network/interfaces// 采用固定IP：auto lo eth0iface lo inet loopbackiface eth0 inet staticaddress 192.168.6.243netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.0.255gateway 192.168.6.1// 采用DHCP：auto eth0iface eth0 inet dhcp// 激活和终止网络接口ifdown eth0ifup eth0// 上面的设定只有重启网络后才会生效：/etc/init.d/networking restart

Debian 更新工具使用说明:
apt-get update // 更新源列表apt-cache search xxx // 在源中搜索xxx软件apt-get install xxx // 从源中安装xxx软件apt-get download xxx // 从源中下载xxx debian deb包apt-get source xxx // 从源中下载xxx的源码包apt-get remove xxx // 删除包dpkg -l // 查看已安装的包// 清除：当使用 apt-get install 指令安装套件，下载下来的 deb 会放置于 // /var/cache/apt/archives， 使用 apt-get clean 指令可以将之清除，// 避免占用硬盘空间 apt-get clean

// 配置语言apt-get install localesdpkg-reconfigure locales

设定更新源
// 在/etc/apt/sources.list中添加更新源: // 选择一：deb http://debian.cn99.com/debian/ stable main non-free contribdeb http://debian.cn99.com/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US main contrib non-free// 选择二：deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian etch maindeb http://mirrors.163.com/debian lenny main contrib non-free// 从源获得最新软件列表:apt-get updateapt-get install apt-spy // 安装 apt-spymv sources.list sources.list.bak // 备份老的源列表文件man apt-spy // 获取详细的使用方法// 更新您的镜像列表文件 /var/lib/apt-spy/mirrors.txtapt-spy update // 在亚洲寻找速度最快的stable版镜像, 并生成sources.list文件 apt-spy -d stable -a Asiacp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apt-spy.list /etc/apt/sources.list// 更新源:apt-get update

安装Telnet，SSH
// 安装telnet:apt-get install telnetd/etc/init.d/openbsd-inetd start// 安装 openssh server:apt-get install openssh-server/etc/init.d/ssh restart

基本参数设定:
# 打开颜色显示:修改/etc/profilealias ls='ls --color'

修改时区:
// 安装ntpdateapt-get install ntpdate// 设定主机时区:编辑/etc/timezone，写入Asia/Shanghai// 更新时间ntpdate 210.72.145.44cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

安装vsftpd
apt-get install vsftpd// 编辑/etc/vsftpd.conf激活local_enable=YESwrite_enable=YES// 启动 vsftpd/etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

安装编辑工具vim:
apt-get install vim-full// 编辑/etc/vim/vimrc文件打开syntax on、set nu


安装编译，工程构建，调试工具
/* * 说明: * build-essential: 基本编译环境 (gcc, g++, libc, make等) * autoconf:        自动配置工具  * automake:        make相关 * gdb:             调试工具 */apt-get install build-essentialapt-get install autoconf apt-get install automakeapt-get install gdb


安装开发文档:
/*  *  说明:  *  manpages-dev: C/C++man帮助手册 *  Binutils:   链接器(ld)、汇编器(as)、反汇编器(objdump)和档案的工具(ar) *  glibc-doc:  GUN C标准库文档 *  stl-manual: 标准C++ STL模板文档 */apt-get install manpages-devapt-get install binutils-doc apt-get install cpp-docapt-get install gcc-docapt-get install glibc-doc apt-get install libstdc++6-4.3-docapt-get install stl-manual

Perl相关：
// 安装perl帮助文档apt-get install perl-doc// 安装通用模块apt-get install libtext-template-perl

在VMware中增加新硬盘：
关闭VM中正在运行的虚拟系统在虚拟机系统名称上点击右键-> Vitual Machine Settings在虚拟机edit页新增一个磁盘。可以看见Hardware中出现了一块新的硬盘HardDisk2.启动虚拟机，进入/dev目录下ls，查看刚加的硬盘名称。如: /dev/sdb对/dev/sdb进行分区：fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): m Help info  Command  (m for help): n Add a new partition Command  (m for help): w Write table to disk and exit格式化硬盘为ext3分区格式：mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1检查新分区是否存在：fdisk -l修改/etc/fstab，使得刚新建的分区可以开机自动挂载。# <file system>    <mount point>    <type>    <options>    <dump>    <pass>  /dev/sdb1    /oracle    ext3    errors=remount-ro    0    1重新启动，查看结果：df -h

/** * 尝试Linux上各种文件系统。 * 首先安装必须的软件 */apt-get install reiserfsprogs // for reiserfsapt-get install jfsutils      // for jfsapt-get install xfsdump       // for xfs// 格式化/dev/md0为reiserfs
oracle:/oradata# mkfs.reiserfs /dev/md0mkfs.reiserfs 3.6.19 (2003 www.namesys.com)A pair of credits:Chris Mason wrote the journaling code for V3,  which was enormously more usefulto users than just waiting until  we could create a wandering log filesystem asHans would have unwisely done without him.Jeff Mahoney optimized the bitmap  scanning code for V3,  and performed the bigendian cleanups. Nikita Danilov  wrote  most of the core  balancing code, plugin infrastructure,and directory code. He steadily worked long hours, and is the reason so much ofthe Reiser4 plugin infrastructure is well abstracted in its details.  The carry function, and the use of non-recursive balancing, are his idea.Guessing about desired format.. Kernel 2.6.26-2-686 is running.Format 3.6 with standard journalCount of blocks on the device: 6291408Number of blocks consumed by mkreiserfs formatting process: 8403Blocksize: 4096Hash function used to sort names: "r5"Journal Size 8193 blocks (first block 18)Journal Max transaction length 1024inode generation number: 0UUID: c20b05fb-bf1d-44f0-bd79-688fe0497991ATTENTION: YOU SHOULD REBOOT AFTER FDISK!        ALL DATA WILL BE LOST ON '/dev/md0'!Continue (y/n):yInitializing journal - 0%....20%....40%....60%....80%....100%Syncing..okTell your friends to use a kernel based on 2.4.18 or later, and especially not akernel based on 2.4.9, when you use reiserFS. Have fun.ReiserFS is successfully created on /dev/md0.

// 挂载到/raid目录，并检查文件格式。oracle:/oradata# mount /dev/md0 /raidoracle:/oradata# df -TFilesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/oracle-root              ext3      329233    139022    173213  45% /tmpfs        tmpfs      258148         0    258148   0% /lib/init/rwudev         tmpfs       10240       680      9560   7% /devtmpfs        tmpfs      258148         0    258148   0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1     ext2      233335     26271    194616  12% /boot/dev/mapper/oracle-home              ext3     2789856     69796   2578340   3% /home/dev/mapper/oracle-tmp              ext3      238003      6177    219538   3% /tmp/dev/mapper/oracle-usr              ext3     2822096    687956   1990780  26% /usr/dev/mapper/oracle-var              ext3     1350552    126452   1155492  10% /var/dev/mapper/optvg-optlv              ext3     8252856   2579504   5254128  33% /opt/dev/mapper/oradatavg-oradatalv              ext3     8252856    252112   7581520   4% /oradata/dev/md0  reiserfs    25164860     32840  25132020   1% /raid

// 将/dev/md0更换为JFS格式oracle:/oradata# umount /raid/oracle:/oradata# mkfs.jfs /dev/md0 mkfs.jfs version 1.1.12, 24-Aug-2007Warning!  All data on device /dev/md0 will be lost!Continue? (Y/N) Y   \Format completed successfully.25165632 kilobytes total disk space.oracle:/oradata# mount /dev/md0 /raid/oracle:/oradata# df -TFilesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/oracle-root              ext3      329233    139022    173213  45% /tmpfs        tmpfs      258148         0    258148   0% /lib/init/rwudev         tmpfs       10240       680      9560   7% /devtmpfs        tmpfs      258148         0    258148   0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1     ext2      233335     26271    194616  12% /boot/dev/mapper/oracle-home              ext3     2789856     69796   2578340   3% /home/dev/mapper/oracle-tmp              ext3      238003      6177    219538   3% /tmp/dev/mapper/oracle-usr              ext3     2822096    687956   1990780  26% /usr/dev/mapper/oracle-var              ext3     1350552    126452   1155492  10% /var/dev/mapper/optvg-optlv              ext3     8252856   2579504   5254128  33% /opt/dev/mapper/oradatavg-oradatalv              ext3     8252856    252112   7581520   4% /oradata/dev/md0       jfs    25131892      3200  25128692   1% /raid

将/dev/md0更换为xfs格式oracle:~# umount /dev/md0 oracle:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/md0mkfs.xfs: /dev/md0 appears to contain an existing filesystem (jfs).mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.oracle:~# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/md0meta-data=/dev/md0               isize=256    agcount=16, agsize=393200 blks         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=6291200, imaxpct=25         =                       sunit=16     swidth=48 blksnaming   =version 2              bsize=4096  log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=3071, version=2         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=0realtime =none                   extsz=196608 blocks=0, rtextents=0oracle:~# mount /dev/md0 /raid/oracle:~# df -TFilesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/oracle-root              ext3      329233    139022    173213  45% /tmpfs        tmpfs      258148         0    258148   0% /lib/init/rwudev         tmpfs       10240       680      9560   7% /devtmpfs        tmpfs      258148         0    258148   0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1     ext2      233335     26271    194616  12% /boot/dev/mapper/oracle-home              ext3     2789856     69796   2578340   3% /home/dev/mapper/oracle-tmp              ext3      238003      6177    219538   3% /tmp/dev/mapper/oracle-usr              ext3     2822096    687956   1990780  26% /usr/dev/mapper/oracle-var              ext3     1350552    126460   1155484  10% /var/dev/mapper/optvg-optlv              ext3     8252856   2579504   5254128  33% /opt/dev/mapper/oradatavg-oradatalv              ext3     8252856    252112   7581520   4% /oradata/dev/md0       xfs    25152516      4832  25147684   1% /raid