NLP Resources

fuliang

Contents

Tools: Machine Translation, POS Taggers, NP chunking, Sequence models,Parsers, Semantic Parsers/SRL, NER, Coreference,Language models, Concordances, Summarization,OtherCorpora:Large collections, Particular languages, Treebanks,Discourse,WSD,Literature,AcquisitionSGML/XMLDictionariesLexical/morphological resourcesCourses, Syllabi, and other Educational ResourcesMailing listsOther stuff on the Web:General, IR, IE/Wrappers, People, SocietiesTools

Machine Translation systems

Instructions

Building a baseline statistical phrase MT systemWonderful pages about how to download a bunch of tools and some dataand put themtogether to build a very competent baseline statistical MT system:NAACL 2006WMt or2009 WMT.Freely downloadable

EGYPT systemSystem from 1999 JHU workshop.  Mainly of historical interest.GIZA++ and mkclsFranz Och.  C++.  GPL.ThotPhrase-based model building kitPhramerAn Open-Source Java Statistical Phrase-Based MT DecoderMoses A new open-sourcephrase-based MT decoder with functionality beyond Pharaoh.Syntax Augmented MachineTranslation via Chart ParsingAndreas Zollmann and Ashish VenugopalFree, but getting them requires hassle

PharaohdecoderPhilip Koehn, ISI.MTTKMachine Translation Tool Kit.  Deng and Byrne.Part of Speech Taggers

Freely downloadable

Stanford POStaggerLoglinear tagger in Java (by Kristina Toutanova)hunposAn HMM tagger with models available for English and Hungarian.  Areimplementation of TnT (see below) in OCaml.pre-compiled models.  Runs on Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows.  MBT: Memory-based TaggerBased on TiMBLTreeTaggerA decision tree based tagger from the University of Stuttgart(Helmut Scmid).  It'slanguage independent, but comes complete with parameter files forEnglish, German, Italian, Dutch, French, Old French, Spanish, Bulgarian,and Russian.  (Linux, Sparc-Solaris, Windows, and Mac OS X versions.Binary distribution only.)  Page has links to sites where you can run it online.SVMToolPOS Tagger based on SVMs (uses SVMlight).  LGPL.ACOPOST (formerlyICOPOST)Open source C taggers originally written by by Ingo Schröder.Implements maximum entropy, HMM trigram, andtransformation-based learning.  C source available under GNU public license.MXPOST: Adwait Ratnaparkhi's Maximum Entropy part of speech taggerJava POS tagger.  A sentenceboundary detector (MXTERMINATOR) is also included.  Original version wasonly JDK1.1; later version worked with JDK1.3+. Class files, not source.fnTBLA fast and flexible implementation of Transformation-Based        Learning in C++.  Includes a POS tagger, but also NP chunkingand general chunking models. mu-TBLAn implementation of a Transformation-based Learner (a la Brill),usable for POS tagging and other things by Torbjörn Lager.  Webdemo also available.  Prolog.YamChaSVM-based NP-chunker, also usable for POS tagging, NER, etc.  C/C++open source.  Won CoNLL 2000 shared task.  (Less automatic than a specialized POStagger for an end user.)QTAGPart of speech tagger An HMM-based Java POS tagger from Birmingham U. (Oliver Mason).English and German parameter files. [Java class files, not source.]The TOSCA/LOB tagger.Currently available for MS-DOS only.  But the decision to make thisfamous system available is very interesting from an historicalperspective, and for software sharing in academia more generally.LOB tag set.The venerable Brill's Transformation-based learning Tagger A symbolic tagger, written in C. It's no longer available from acanonical location, but you might find a version from theWikipedia page or you could try a reimplementation suchas fnTBL.Original Xerox TaggerA common lisp HMM tagger available byftp.  Lingua-EN-TaggerPerl POS tagger by Maciej Ceglowski and Aaron Coburn.  Version0.11.  (A bigram HMM tagger.)Free, but require registration

TATOOThe ISSCO tagger.  HMM tagger.  Need to register to download.PoSTech Koreanmorphological analyzer and taggerOnline registration.TnT - A StatisticalPart-of-Speech TaggerTrainable for various languages, comes with English and Germanpre-compiled models.  Runs on Solaris and Linux.  Usable by email or on the web, but not distributed freely

Memory-based taggerFrom ILK group, Catholic University Brabant (Jakub Zavrel/WalterDaelemans).  Does Dutch, English, Spanish, Swedish, Slovene.  Other MBLdemos are also available.Birmingham taggerAccepts only plain ASCII  email message contents.  The tagset used is similar to the Brown/LOB/Penn set.CLAWS taggerThe UCREL CLAWS tagger is available for trial use on the web.  (It'slimited to 300 words though -- this site is more of an advertisement forlicensing the real thing -- available as software for Suns or as a paidservice.)  You can also find info on CLAWS tagsets,though that page doesn't seem to link to the C7 tagset.TheAMALGAM taggerThe AMALGAMProject also has various other useful resources, in particular a webguide to different tag sets in common use.  The tagging is actuallydone by a (retrained) version of the Brill tagger (q.v.).XeroxXRCE MLTT Part Of Speech TaggersTags any of 14 languages (European and Arabic), online on the web.Portuguese taggers on the web: Projecto  Natura and a QTAG adaptation.Not free

Lingsoft Lingsoft in Finland has (symbolic)analysis tools for many European languages.  More information can beobtained by emailing info@lingsoft.fi.  Thereis an online demo.Conexor Conexor in Finland hasdemonstrations of EngCG-style taggers and parsers, for English, Swedish,and Spanish.Xerox Xerox hasmorphological analyzers and taggers for many languages.There are demos of some of their tools on the web.More information can beobtained by contacting Daniella Russo.InfogisticsInfogistics, anEdinburgh spinoff has a tagging and NP/Verb group chunkeravailable commercially, including an evaluation version.No longer available

LT POS and LT TTTThe Edinburgh Language Technology Group tagger and text tokenizer (andsentence splitter were binary-only Solaris tools which no longer seem tobe available.NP chunking

Downloadable

YamChaSVM-based NP-chunker, also usable for POS tagging, NER, etc.  C/C++open source.  WonCoNLL 2000 shared task.  (Less automatic than a specialized POStagger for an end user.)MarkGreenwood's Noun Phrase ChunkerA Java reimplementation of Ramshaw and Marcus (1995).fnTBLA fast and flexible implementation of Transformation-Based        Learning in C++.  Includes a POS tagger, but also NP chunkingand general chunking models. Generic sequence models

Downloadable

CRF++Generic CRF-based model in C++.  Open source.  By the author of YamCha.CarafeGeneric CRF-based sequence models in O-CaML. Open source.  By BenWellner.FreeLingA largesuite of language analyzers.  Written in C++.Covers text preprocessing, morphology, NER, POS tagging, parsing.Parsers

Information on available probabilistic parsers can be found on theFSNLP: probabilistic parsing links page.
Semantic Parsers

Downloadable

ASSERTPropBank semantic roles (and opinions, etc.) by Sameer Pradhan.ShalmaneserFrameNet-based by Katrin Erk.TreeKernels in SVMlight by Alessandro Moschitti.  A general package, but ithas particularly been used for SRL.Named Entity Recognition

Downloadable

Stanford NamedEntity RecognizerA Java Conditional Random Field sequence model with trained modelsfor Named Entity Recognition.  Java. GPL.  By Jenny Finkel.LingPipeTools include statistical named-entity recognition, a heuristic sentenceboundary detector, and a heuristic within-document coreferenceresolution engine.  Java.  GPL.  By Bob Carpenter, Breck Baldwin and co.YamChaSVM-based NP-chunker, also usable for POS tagging, NER, etc.  C/C++open source.  WonCoNLL 2000 shared task.  (Less automatic than a specialized POStagger for an end user.)Coreference (Anaphora) Resolution

Downloadable

BARTA Beautiful Anaphora Resolution Toolkit.  Java.  By YannickVersley and many others.  Java.  Apache with GPL components.GuitarJava. GPL.Language modeling toolkits

Downloadable

IRSTLM ToolkitCompatible with SRILM, suitable for very large language models.  LGPL.By Marcello Federico, Nicola Bertoldi et al.CMU-CambridgeStatistical Language Modeling toolkitDownloadable, but requires registration

The SRI LanguageModeling toolkitby Andreas Stolcke is another good system forbuilding language models, freely available for research purposes.Not yet classified

Lextools A package of tools for creating weighted finite-statetransducers (WFST) from high-level linguistic descriptions.Lextools binaries are available free for non-commercial useat: http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/lextools/.Supported platforms are: linux (i686), sgi (mips2) and sun4.Lextools is built on top of, and requires, the AT&T WFSTtoolkit (version 3.6), available free for non-commercial usefrom: http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/fsm/Friendly concordancing and text analysis tools

Wordsmith Tools (Mike Scott)The thing to get if you are working in the Windows world.Text summarization tools

A prototype JavaSummarisation applet (System Quirk)MEADA public domain portable multi-document summarizationsystem. (Dragomir Radev and others.)Other

Downloadable

Tilburg University's TiMBLTilburg's Memory Based Learner by Walter Daelemans et al.  A generalnear-neighbour-based machine learning package, but optimized for statistical NLPapplications.TimeExpression taggersTIMEX2 standard taggers (site at Mitre).NLTKAn open source Python package for NLP application development withtools such as tokenization, POS TAGGING  and parsers by Ed Loper and Steven Bird.Ted Pedersen's codeNgram Statistics  Package: Perl code that implements: Fisher's exact test, thelikelihood ratio, Pearson's chi squared test,  the Dice Coefficient, and Mutual Information; Duluth Senseval-2 wordsense disambiguation systems; Senseval-1 data in Senseval-2format; various other WSD datasets in Senseval formats, andsemantic distances derived via WordNet.  ISIPtoolsThe main aim is a publically available speech recognitionsystem (alpha release available), but along the way there are alsotoolkits for discrete HMMs and statistical decision trees, andfor various aspects of signal processing.Mem.  A Perlimplementation of Generalized and Improved Iterative Scaling by Hugo WL ter Doest.AutomorphologyA system (for Windows) for automatically learning the morphologicalforms of words in a corpus by John Goldsmith.Wordnet Wordnet is available by ftp,compiled for a variety of machine types.  For money, one can also get EuroWordNet for variousEuropean languages, an Italian/English/Spanish MultiWordNetand there's now a site forGlobal Wordnet.(See also Mappings  between WordNet versions and Perl  WordNet-Similarity module by Ted Pedersen, andWordNet Domains (coarse-grained sense topic classifications).) Penn XTAG projectA wide-coverage tree-adjoining grammar written in a mixture of Cand Common Lisp.  Also includes a large coverage morphologicalanalyzer.  Now includes more tools such as TCL/Tk tree viewer.Dan Melamed'sAssorted ToolsA collection of various tools including a simulated annealling program, apost-processor for English stemming for the Penn XTAG morphologysystem, Good-Turing smoothing software, general text processing tools,text statistics tools and bitext geometry tools (mainly written in Perl 5).MULTEXTConstructing corpora and tools for processing multilingual corpora.Contact: Jean Veronis veronis@univ-aix.fr.  Some stuffincluding a multilingual text editor is downloadable.MULTEXT EAST has parallel versionsof Orwell's 1984 available free (upon registration) for a numberof Central European languages.NaiveBayes algorithmSoftware from the Rainbow/Libbow software package that implementsseveral algorithms for text categorization, including naive Bayes,TF.IDF, and probabilistic algorithms.  Accompanies Tom Mitchell's ML text.HDDIText Data Mining API from Lehigh University.Emdros: a text database engine          for linguistic analysis and researchChasenJapanese morphological analyzer.  Descendent of JUMAN.Free, but require registration

Stuttgart's IMSCorpus Workbench (CWB)A workbench for full-text retrieval from large corpora (with a query         language and corpus indexing). Includes the Corpus Query        Processor (CQP) and xkwic.Available free for research groups (currently only as Solaris 1/2 or        Linux binaries), on signing a license agreement.GateUniversity of Sheffield's General Architecture for Text        Engineering.  Primarily an Information Extraction system.MITRE'sAlembic WorkbenchA workbench for the development of tagged corpora.  Includes atagger based on Brill's TBL approach.SNoWSNoW is a learning program that can be used as a general purpose multi-class classifier and is specifically tailored for learning in the presence of a very large number of features.   The learning architecture is a sparse network of linear units over a pre-defined or incrementally acquired feature space (Dan Roth).Unsure

INTEXa finite-state transducer analysis system for English, French, andItalian that runs under NextStep.  Contact:Max Silberztein silberz@ladl.jussieu.frThe PennToolspage collects information on a variety of NLP systems, many of which areavailable externally.
Corpora

Large collections aimed at the NLP community

LDC (LinguisticData Consortium) and its catalogue by year.Email: ldc@ldc.upenn.edu.  Provides the largest range ofcorpora on CD-ROM.  Cost ranges from cheap (e.g., ACL-DCI disk) to pricey.CDs can be purchased individually; institutions can become members andreceive discounts on CDs.  There's anLDC Online service forsearches over the web (mainly intended for members, but there are samplersavailable).European LanguageResources Association and its catalogue.Distribution agency is ELDA.Rapidly growing collection of materials in European languages.ICAME(International Computer Archive of Modern English)Sells various corpora (includingBrown and London-Lund).  Information on corpora on the web, by sending themessage help to fileserv@nora.hd.uib.no, by ftp tonora.hd.uib.no.Also,manuals forthese corpora.Reuters @NISTReuters corpora are now distributed by NIST.TRACTORTELRI Research Archive of Computational Tools and Resource.Corpora, many multilingual, in European community languages.  Small feefor joining in order to be able to get corpora (unless you havecontributed corpora).CLR (Consortium for LexicalResearch) Email: lexical@nmsu.edu.  Focuses more on languageprocessing tools and lexicons, but does have some corpora.  As of Feb 1996,you can get most of their stuff by anonymous ftp to clr.nmsu.edu. Their catalog isavailable as a postscript file.OTA (Oxford Text Archive)Provides mainly literary texts.  Has a bright new website.  Email: info@ota.ahds.ac.uk.Most materials are available on the web or by anonymous ftp toota.ox.ac.uk.Some require negotiations with the providers.Leipzig Corpora CollectionSentence collections in MySQL database for 17 mainly European languages.BNC (British National Corpus)A 100 million word corpus of British English.    Youcan search it online from their simple webinterface or via View, a muchbetter interface by Mark Davies, and there is an index togenres by David Lee.  And now, an XML edition.European CorpusInitiative Multilingual Corpus I (ECI/MCI) A 98 million word corpus, covering most of the majorEuropean languages, as well as Turkish, Japanese, Russian, Chinese, andMalay.  Cheap.  Need to sign a license agreement available at either theWWW site. Also available from the LDC.Survey of English UsageAt the Department of English Language andLiterature at University College London.  Includes the British part ofICE, the InternationalCorpus of English project.  Now availabletagged, and parsed for function.  83,419 sentences.  Includes ICECUP,dedicated retrieval software. Also, DiachronicCorpus of Present-Day Spoken English (800,000 words, tagged andparsed, half from ICE-GB and half from London-Lund). International Corpus of English (ICE)Million word collections of English from various world Englishes: ICE-NZ,ICE-HK, ICE-East Africa, etc.  Severalof them are downloadable from this site.Corporaheld by Lancaster UniversityThis link provides its own annotations.The European LanguageActivity NetworkPromises a uniform query language for accessing corpora in all EUlanguages -- but isn't quite there yet.Talkbank.  Rich video and transcripts.Particular languages

English

English language corpora available from the sites above are not repeatedhere.
Corpora by Geoffrey Sampson's teamThe SUSANNE corpusand the CHRISTINEcorpus (SUSANNE markup of a speech corpus).Michigan Corpus of Academic  Spoken English (MICASE).1.7 million words from 1997-2001.Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus ofMiddle EnglishA syntactically annotated corpus of the Middle English prosesamples in the Helsinki Corpus of Historical English, withadditions.  1.3 million words. $200.Corpus of Professional, SpokenAmerican-English (CPSA)2 million words from faculty and committee meetings and White Housepress conferences (50K work sample free on internet).Lancaster Parsed CorpusDialogue DiversityCorpus (Bill Mann)American NationalCorpusChinese

English language corpora available from the sites above are not repeatedhere.
The Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese (LCMC)By Tony McEnery and Richard Xiao.  Distinguished by being a balancedcorpus, and freely available.Multilingual

JRC-AcquisA parallel corpus of EU documents across all member states.  8 million words or more in each of 20 languages.EMILLE/CIILMonolingual written corpus data for 14 SouthAsian languages (Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri,Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sinhala, Tamil, Telegu and Urdu).Orthographically transcribed spoken data and parallelcorpus data for five South Asian languages (Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi,Punjabi and Urdu). In addition, the parallel corpus contains the Englishoriginals from which the translations stored in the corpus were derived.All data in the corpus is CES and Unicode compliant. The EMILLE corpustotals some 94 million words.  Downloadable.OPUSAn open source parallel corpus, aligned, in many languages, based onfree Linux etc. manuals.WorldHealth Organization Computer Assisted Translation page.Also includes a good selection of links on Computer AssistedTranslation.  (See also thecopyright page.)SearchableCanadian Hansard French-English parallel texts (1986-1993)From the Laboratoirede Recherche Appliquée en Linguistique Informatique,Universite de MontréalEuropean Union web serverParallel text in all EU languages.  (In particular tryEuropean legislation.)TELRI CD-ROMsParallel and other text in central and eastern european languages.Bosnian

The Oslo Corpusof Bosnian Texts.Czech

Parallel  Czech-EnglishLiterature translations in Czech and EnglishCzech National Corpus project:  SYN2000100 million words of contemporary Czech.French

Association des BibliophilesUniversels Various French literary works.American andFrench Research on the Treasury of the French Language (ARTFL) 150 million word corpus of various genres of French.  You have to be amember to use it (but membership is fairly cheap). German

COSMASCorpusLarge (over a billion words!) online-searchable German and Austriancorpora.  This is the publically available part of the 1.85billion word Mannheimer Corpus  CollectionNEGRACorpusSaarland University Syntactically Annotated Corpus of GermanNewspaper Texts.  Available free of charge to academics.  20,000sentences, tagged, and with syntactic structures.  Free for academic use.Russian

Russian National Corpus150 million words, 5 million words POS-tagged, some in dependencytreebank.Library ofRussian Internet LibrariesVarious literary works.Slovene

Slovene-English parallel corpus1 M words, free to download + on-line concordances.Coming soon: Slovene referencecorpus of 100 M wordsSpanish and Portuguese

TychoBrahe Parsed Corpus of Historical PortugueseOver a million words ofPortuguese from different historical periods, some of itmorphologically analyzed/tagged.  Free.Information about MarkDavies' collection of (mainly historical Spanish and Portuguese.It's not clear what their availability is.The CUMBRE corpus.  Contact ProfessorAquilino SánchezThe CRATER Spanish corpusMorphosyntactically tagged telecommunicationmanuals) is available by ftp.Corpusresources for PortugueseIn total about 70 million words, available free, from varioussources (newswire, etc.)Folha de S. Paulo newspaper4 annual CDROMs with full text.COMPARAPortuguese-English parallel corpus.  (In general, various resourcesat Linguateca site.See also under ELRA, above.Swedish

Spraakdata, Departmentof Swedish, Göteborgs University.Has various searcable part of speechtagged Swedish corpora (Parole, Bank of Swedish, etc.), and somematerial in Zimbabwean languages.Treebanks

Name Language Size Availability CommentsPenn TreebankUS English2 million + wordsAvailable (distributed by LDC)1 million WSJ, 1 million speech, surface syntax (1970s TG)BLLIP WSJ corpusUS English30 million wordsAvailable (distributed by LDC)WSJ newswire. Automatically parsed, not hand checked. Same    structure as Penn     Treebank, except for some additional coreference markingICE-GBUK English1 million words (83,394 sentences)Available; c. 500 poundsBritish part of  ICE, the International Corpus of English project.  Tagged and parsedfor function. Half spoken material.NEGRA CorpusGerman20,000 sentencesAvailable free of charge to academics on completion of license agreement.Saarland University Syntactically Annotated Corpus of German Newspaper Texts.   Tagged, and with syntactic structures.TIGER corpusGerman700,000 wordsAvailable free of charge for research purposes on completion of license agreement.German newspaper text (FrankfurterRundschau). Semi-automatically parsed.They also have a good treebank search tool, TIGERSearch.Alpino Dependency TreebankDutch150,000 wordsFreely downloadableAssorted subcorpora.  By far the largest isthe full cdbl (newspaper) part of the Eindhoven corpus.The Prague DependencyTreebank 1.0Czech500,000 wordsFree on completion of license agreement (available through LDC).Analyzed at thelevels of parts of speech, syntactic functions (and, in the future,semantic roles) level in a dependency framework.  Text from newspapers and weekly magazines.TUT:Turin University TreebankItalian2,400 sentencesFree download.Morhpological analysis and dependency analysis. Penn Treebank translation.Civil law and newspaper texts.Bulgarian TreebankBulgariann/aPOS-tagged texts and dependencies analyses are available (some are free on the web, others via a license agreement)An under construction Bulgarian HPSG treebank.Penn      Chinese TreebankChinese100,000 wordsAvailable (LDC)Based on Xinhua news articles.  1980s-style GB syntax.Danish Dependency Treebank 1.0Danish100,000 wordsAvailable free under the GPL.Built on a portion of the Parole corpus.Floresta Sintá(c)ticaPortuguese168,000 words hand-corrected; 1,000,000 words automatically parsedHand corrected part is free web download; automatically parsed part    available through email contactText from CETEMPúblicocorpus.  Phrase structure and dependency representations. Available in several formats, including Penn Treebank format.Talbanken05Swedish300,000 wordsFree downloadResurrects and modernizes an early treebank from the 1970s.Verbmobil Tübingen: under construction treebanked corpus of German,English, and Japanese sentences from Verbmobil (appointmentscheduling) dataSyntactic Spanish Database (SDB)University of Santago de Compostela. 160,000 clauses / 1.5 million words.CKIP Chinese  Treebank (Taiwan).  Based on Academia Sinica corpus.(There's also a 100sentence Chinese treebank at U. Maryland.)LDC Korean   Treebank.Dublin-EssexTreebank projectDeriving Linguistic Resources from Treebanks.Treebanks

CSTBank:Cross-document Structure Theory: marking sentence functionalrelationships across related documents.
Resources for Word Sense Disambiguation

The Senseval web site Has acomprehensive selection of resources for WSD, including a goodlist of WSD  data resources, but not yet the new SEMCOR. Ted Pedersen's codeIncludes various WSD systems.SenseClustersOpen source package for unsupervised discovery of word senses by clusteringtogether instances of a word (or words) that are used in similar contexts   in raw text, supporting a wide range of clustering techniques based on  both context vectors and similarity matrices, and including links toSVDPACKC and CLUTO.  Ted Pedersen and Amruta Purandare.EvocationWordNet synset similarity judgmentsJudgments on how similar the meanings of synsets are and how commonthey are in the BNC from Jordan Boyd-Graber.Literature

There are now quite large collections of online literature, available invarious languages (though the majority are in English, of course).  Beloware pointers to some of the main collections:
Entirely or mainly English

Alex: A Catalogueof Electronic Texts on the InternetSeems to have one of the largest collection.  Searching and browsingfacilities through gopher menus.  Many languages.Wiretap Electronic Text ArchiveExtensive and good quality.  Still in the gopher age, though.The On-line BooksPageThe index here only covers books in English, but there are lots oflinks to other collections of material in all languages.Project GutenbergThe oldest and largest project to get out of copyright literatureonline, freely available.  (Or see the mirror, Sailor's ProjectGutenberg site.)The Electronic TextCenter of the University of VirginiaLarge collection of SGML text, mainly in English, but also in othermajor languages.Center for Electronic Texts in theHumanitiesPrinceton/Rutgers collaboration.  They didn't have it together withtheir web site when I stopped by, but they may soon.Oxford Electronic Text Library EditionsAvailable fromOxford University Press, 200 Madison Ave, NY, NY 10016 212-679-7300.The Complete Works of Jane Austen is $95.00, and is reviewed inComputers and the Humanities, 28:4-5 (Aug/Oct, 1994), 317-321.Coreference  annotated textsFrom University of Woverhampton (R. Mitkov, C. Barbu et al.).Acquisition data

CHILDES database.Database of child language transcriptions in English and many otherlanguages.  Texts are also available by ftp.  Certainusage requirements.  Manuals and programs for accessing the data (theCLAN concordancer) are also available online.  Now in Unicode XML.SGML/XML

Robin Cover's SGML/XMLWeb PageThis is a wonderful compendium of information on SGML and XML, includinginformation onthe Text Encoding Initiative (TEI).  This document is also a guide tomany text collections (ones usi