4种调用https服务的方式
以前在网厅的时候，请求计费的账单开始使用的是httpclient,后来因为性能问题，换成了使用socket 发送http请求的方式，由于计费服务器端使用了redirect ，因此还需要从响应报文中得到Location 中的url,再次发送一次http请求才能完成整个业务逻辑！
Https 资源在访问的时候会让你输入用户名和密码
1.使用linux 的curl命令
# curl -k --basic --user "tcloudadmin:tcloud123" --data "" --header 'Content-Type: application/xml' https://123.124.189.***/api/account.list
<Users><User> <isAdmin>1</isAdmin> <id>f1ebe39d-d0b6-4292-b3cd-774bf945bf63</id> <name>tcloudadmin</name> <groupId>be2e0f3a-7684-4b8e-b04d-6ee75aa3d099</groupId></User><User> <isAdmin>1</isAdmin> <id>653d60c5-dc7b-488a-a861-1c67873057fd</id> <name>gaoyang</name> <groupId>be2e0f3a-7684-4b8e-b04d-6ee75aa3d099</groupId></User><User> <isAdmin>1</isAdmin> <id>2d393438-9c8f-4704-8dfd-9f00fb7d7d18</id> <name>teststorage</name> <groupId>be2e0f3a-7684-4b8e-b04d-6ee75aa3d099</groupId></User></Users>#
-k/--insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)
--basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)
-u/--user <user[:password]> Set server user and password
-d/--data <data> HTTP POST data (H)
-H/--header <line> Custom header to pass to server (H)
方式2: 使用socket发送http请求字符串到https 服务上
curl -k --basic --user "tcloudadmin:tcloud123" --data "" --header 'Content-Type: application/xml' https://123.124.189.***/api/account.list -v
使用-v 选项可以 看到http请求的过程和内容，可以作为我们拼 Http 请求字符串的依据
# curl -k --basic --user "tcloudadmin:tcloud123" --data "" --header 'Content-Type: application/xml' https://123.124.189.196/api/account.list -v* About to connect() to 123.124.189.xxx port 443* Trying 123.124.189.xxx... connected* Connected to 123.124.189.xxx (123.124.189.xxx) port 443* successfully set certificate verify locations:* CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crtCApath: none* SSLv2, Client hello (1):SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2):SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11):SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14):SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20):SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20):SSL connection using DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA* Server certificate:* subject: /C=TW/ST=Taipei City/L=Taipei/O=Trend Micro/OU=CloudLego/CN=CloudLego* start date: 2010-02-03 02:13:59 GMT* expire date: 2020-02-01 02:13:59 GMT* common name: CloudLego (does not match '123.124.189.xxx')* issuer: /C=TW/ST=Taipei City/L=Taipei/O=Trend Micro/OU=CloudLego/CN=CloudLego* SSL certificate verify result: self signed certificate (18), continuing anyway.* Server auth using Basic with user 'tcloudadmin'> POST /api/account.list HTTP/1.1> Authorization: Basic dGNsb3VkYWRtaW46dGNsb3VkMTIz> User-Agent: curl/7.15.5 (i686-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.15.5 OpenSSL/0.9.8b zlib/1.2.3 libidn/0.6.5> Host: 123.124.189.xxx> Accept: */*> Content-Type: application/xml> Content-Length: 0> < HTTP/1.1 200 OK< Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2011 11:40:25 GMT< Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Fedora)< Vary: Authorization< Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8< Connection: close< Transfer-Encoding: chunked<Users><User> <isAdmin>1</isAdmin> <id>f1ebe39d-d0b6-4292-b3cd-774bf945bf63</id> <name>tcloudadmin</name> <groupId>be2e0f3a-7684-4b8e-b04d-6ee75aa3d099</groupId></User><User> <isAdmin>1</isAdmin> <id>653d60c5-dc7b-488a-a861-1c67873057fd</id> <name>gaoyang</name> <groupId>be2e0f3a-7684-4b8e-b04d-6ee75aa3d099</groupId></User><User> <isAdmin>0</isAdmin> <id>2a228769-3b2d-4d26-b2c8-697c86f78b65</id> <name>test1234</name> <groupId>ce2666d0-6c95-47f3-a908-cadf333a214e</groupId></User><User> <isAdmin>1</isAdmin> <id>543ae799-df16-438d-9071-6618f5c09ba3</id> <name>test123</name> <groupId>be2e0f3a-7684-4b8e-b04d-6ee75aa3d099</groupId></User><User> <isAdmin>0</isAdmin> <id>3bbc0f32-4490-49fd-8944-751ae28c1073</id> <name>elaster-demo</name> <groupId>fb86fe86-210a-4242-b157-fce26ba41545</groupId></User><User> <isAdmin>0</isAdmin> <id>bd2636fa-b92e-47e8-b658-e540e9307839</id> <name>test11</name> <groupId>a2b2179a-8f96-420a-be59-1cc5d12394e3</groupId></User><User> <isAdmin>0</isAdmin> <id>4867561a-9566-4740-a3ce-4bf78289490c</id> <name>gavin</name> <groupId>237b3b70-5d13-4325-a5aa-83a28aabb693</groupId></User></Users>* Closing connection #0* SSLv3, TLS alert, Client hello (1):#
这种方式调用要求 掌握Http协议的请求 格式，如果请求协议的格式错误，则不能得到正确的返回结果！
必须要知道的：
a.
报文都由5个成员组成，其中请求报文的结构如下:
1、第1成员:请求行(Request-Line)或状态行(Status-line)
2、第2成员:通用头(General-Header)
3、第2成员:请求头(Request-Header)
4、第4成员:实体头(Entity-Header)
5、第5成员:实体主体(Entiry-Body)
b. 每个请求行都要以 回车换行结尾
c. 协议结束的标志是 2个换行
c. 如果返回的 响应有 location 字段，也就是重定向了 需要我们根据location 字段重新发起请求
下面是 一个socket 拼接 http请求字符串的 例子
import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.BufferedWriter;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.net.Socket;import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;public class SocketHttpsClient{ public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { String url="https://123.124.189.xxx:443/api/vm.list"; SSLSocketFactory ssf = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault(); String reqMsg=getFirestRequestMsg(url);Socket socket=null;try {System.out.println("请求消息："+reqMsg); socket = ssf.createSocket("123.124.189.xxx", 443); PrintWriter tOut = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()))); tOut.write(reqMsg); tOut.println(); tOut.flush(); System.out.println("消息发送成功!等待返回结果。。。"); BufferedReader tIn = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); String tLine = null; StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder(); while ((tLine = tIn.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(tLine).append("\n"); } System.out.println("返回内容："+sb.toString());} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(e);throw e;}finally{if(socket!=null){socket.close();}}}private static String getFirestRequestMsg(String url){StringBuilder reqMsg = new StringBuilder("").append("POST ").append("/api/vm.list").append(" HTTP/1.1").append("\r\n").append("Authorization: Basic dGNsb3VkYWRtaW46dGNsb3VkMTIz").append("\r\n").append("User-Agent: curl/7.15.5 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.15.5 OpenSSL/0.9.8b zlib/1.2.3 libidn/0.6.5").append("\r\n").append("Host: ").append("123.124.189.xxx").append("\r\n").append("Accept: */*").append("\r\n").append("Content-Type: application/xml").append("\r\n").append("Content-Length: 0").append("\r\n").append("\r\n").append("\r\n");return reqMsg.toString();}}
3. 使用HttpClient,首先直接访问 https://123.124.189.xxx/api/account.list ，使用firefox 的firebug插件拦截http请求和响应
http://dl.iteye.com/upload/picture/pic/79109/8e519bda-6137-3557-a6cb-b12970c32fb3.gif
package cn.com.xinli.test.httpclient;import java.io.InputStream;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; public class TestHttps { /** * 参考 * http://wanglei0119.iteye.com/blog/607046 */ /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { HttpClient httpclient = new HttpClient(); PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod("https://123.124.189.xxx:443/api/vm.list"); NameValuePair[] data = {}; try { postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/xml"); postMethod.addRequestHeader("Authorization", "basic dGNsb3VkYWRtaW46dGNsb3VkMTIz"); postMethod.setRequestBody(data); httpclient.executeMethod(postMethod); InputStream insr = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream(); int respInt = insr.read(); while (respInt != -1) { System.out.print((char) respInt); respInt = insr.read(); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage()); } finally { postMethod.releaseConnection(); } }} 运行这段代码 会报一个错误 unable to find valid certification path to requested target
这个文章有解决方案 ：
http://wanglei0119.iteye.com/blog/607046
当使用 正确生成的cert 后 httpclient 可以调用到https的服务了
方式4 ：还是使用httpclient ,使用 httpclient的 X509TrustManager 类，这种调用方式不需要客户端制作证书，很方便！
package com.platform.vmo.elasterAgent.elaster;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.security.cert.CertificateException;import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;public class HttpClinetTest {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{// First create a trust manager that won't care.X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {// Don't do anything.}public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {// Don't do anything.}public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {// Don't do anything.return null;}};// Now put the trust manager into an SSLContext.SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");sslcontext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);// Use the above SSLContext to create your socket factory// (I found trying to extend the factory a bit difficult due to a// call to createSocket with no arguments, a method which doesn't// exist anywhere I can find, but hey-ho).SSLSocketFactory sf = new SSLSocketFactory(sslcontext);sf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();httpclient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(new Scheme("https", sf, 443));String requset ="https://180.168.35.140/api/vm.list";HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(requset);String result = "";// Execute HTTP requesthttpPost.setHeader("Authorization","basic " + "dGNsb3VkYWRtaW46dGNsb3VkMTIz"); httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/xml");StringEntity reqEntity;reqEntity = new StringEntity("");httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(resEntity.getContent());char[] buff = new char;int length = 0;while ((length = reader.read(buff)) != -1) {result += new String(buff, 0, length);}httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();System.out.println(">>>:"+result);}}
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