linux创建lvm裸设备 安装 oracle
引用http://bluewind.oracle.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=156445&extra=page%3D3下面是在虚拟机上添加一块新硬盘，并创建lvm裸设备给oracle使用的过程，和大家一起学习，有不正确的地方希望指导，谢谢。linux系统是 AS4 update 7实验前，先了解一些基本概念，如下：LVM（Logicl Volume Manager），逻辑卷管理器，通过使用逻辑卷管理器对硬盘存储设备进行管理，可以实现硬盘空间的动态划分和调整。一、 基本概念1、 物理卷-----PV（Physical Volume）物理卷在逻辑卷管理中处于最底层，它可以是实际物理硬盘上的分区，也可以是整个物理硬盘。2、 卷组--------VG（Volumne Group）卷组建立在物理卷之上，一个卷组中至少要包括一个物理卷，在卷组建立之后可动态添加物理卷到卷组中。一个逻辑卷管理系统工程中可以只有一个卷组，也可以拥有多个卷组。3、 逻辑卷-----LV（Logical Volume）逻辑卷建立在卷组之上，卷组中的未分配空间可以用于建立新的逻辑卷，逻辑卷建立后可以动态地扩展和缩小空间。系统中的多个逻辑卷可以属于同一个卷组，也可以属于不同的多个卷组。4、 物理区域--PE（Physical Extent）物理区域是物理卷中可用于分配的最小存储单元，物理区域的大小可根据实际情况在建立物理卷时指定。物理区域大小一旦确定将不能更改，同一卷组中的所有物理卷的物理区域大小需要一致。5、 逻辑区域—LE（Logical Extent）逻辑区域是逻辑卷中可用于分配的最小存储单元，逻辑区域的大小取决于逻辑卷所在卷组中的物理区域的大小。6、 卷组描述区域-----（Volume Group Descriptor Area）卷组描述区域存在于每个物理卷中，用于描述物理卷本身、物理卷所属卷组、卷组中的逻辑卷及逻辑卷中物理区域的分配等所有信息，卷组描述区域是在使用pvcreate建立物理卷时建立的。二、实战操作1.在虚拟机上添加一块硬盘，进入系统创建分区# fdisk -l--查看现在有分区Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem/dev/hda1 * 1 1912 15358108+83Linux/dev/hda2 1913 2173 2096482+82Linux swap/dev/hda3 2174 2610 3510202+83LinuxDisk /dev/hdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes --可以看到这个设备还没有分区16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4161 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytesDisk /dev/hdb doesn't contain a valid partition table# df -hFilesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/hda1 15G7.5G6.3G55% /none 553M 0553M 0% /dev/shm/dev/hda3 3.3G 98M3.1G 4% /tmp# # # # fdisk /dev/hdb --为设备分区，下面是分区的过程Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent won't be recoverable.The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4161.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): l -输入字母L查看分区类型0Empty 1eHidden W95 FAT1 75PC/IX beSolaris boot 1FAT12 24NEC DOS 80Old Minix bfSolaris 2XENIX root 39Plan 9 81Minix / old Lin c1DRDOS/sec (FAT-3XENIX usr 3cPartitionMagic82Linux swap c4DRDOS/sec (FAT-4FAT16 <32M 40Venix 80286 83Linux c6DRDOS/sec (FAT-5Extended 41PPC PReP Boot 84OS/2 hidden C:c7Syrinx 6FAT16 42SFS 85Linux extendeddaNon-FS data 7HPFS/NTFS 4dQNX4.x 86NTFS volume set dbCP/M / CTOS / .8AIX 4eQNX4.x 2nd part 87NTFS volume set deDell Utility 9AIX bootable 4fQNX4.x 3rd part 8eLinux LVM dfBootIt aOS/2 Boot Manag 50OnTrack DM 93Amoeba e1DOS access bW95 FAT32 51OnTrack DM6 Aux 94Amoeba BBT e3DOS R/O cW95 FAT32 (LBA) 52CP/M 9fBSD/OS e4SpeedStor eW95 FAT16 (LBA) 53OnTrack DM6 Aux a0IBM Thinkpad hi ebBeOS fs fW95 Ext'd (LBA) 54OnTrackDM6 a5FreeBSD eeEFI GPT 10OPUS 55EZ-Drive a6OpenBSD efEFI (FAT-12/16/11Hidden FAT12 56Golden Bow a7NeXTSTEP f0Linux/PA-RISC b12Compaq diagnost 5cPriam Edisk a8Darwin UFS f1SpeedStor 14Hidden FAT16 <3 61SpeedStor a9NetBSD f4SpeedStor 16Hidden FAT16 63GNU HURD or Sys abDarwin boot f2DOS secondary17Hidden HPFS/NTF 64Novell Netwareb7BSDI fs fdLinux raid auto18AST SmartSleep65Novell Netwareb8BSDI swap feLANstep 1bHidden W95 FAT3 70DiskSecure Mult bbBoot Wizard hid ffBBT 1cHidden W95 FAT3Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4) --这里让输入主分区或者扩展分区，我输入p，表示主分区pPartition number (1-4): 4First cylinder (1-4161, default 1): --第几个主分区，这里应该输入1，不过测试也没关系Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-4161, default 4161): Using default value 4161Command (m for help): w --这里输入w表示write table to disk and exitThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.2.查看系统信息，并创建pv# fdisk -lDisk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem/dev/hda1 * 1 1912 15358108+83Linux/dev/hda2 1913 2173 2096482+82Linux swap/dev/hda3 2174 2610 3510202+83LinuxDisk /dev/hdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4161 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem/dev/hdb4 1 4161 2097112+83Linux# pvcreate /dev/hdb4 --创建pvPhysical volume "/dev/hdb4" successfully created# pvdisplay /dev/hdb4 --查看pv信息"/dev/hdb4" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GB"--- NEW Physical volume ---PV Name /dev/hdb4VG Name PV Size 2.00 GBAllocatable NOPE Size (KByte) 0Total PE 0Free PE 0Allocated PE 0PV UUID SPLedg-E05Q-nmXf-kwz9-Wbd9-Ci0a-0gwliT # ls -l /dev/hdb4brw-rw----1 root disk 3, 68 Jun5 20:48 /dev/hdb43.创建vg# vgcreate oradata /dev/hdb4Volume group "oradata" successfully created# ls -l /dev/hdb4 brw-rw----1 root disk 3, 68 Jun5 20:48 /dev/hdb4# 4.创建lv# lvcreate -n system01 -L 2040M oradataLogical volume "system01" created# ls -l /dev/hdb4brw-rw----1 root disk 3, 68 Jun5 20:48 /dev/hdb4# ls -l /dev/oradata/total 0lrwxrwxrwx1 root root 28 Jun5 22:54 system01 -> /dev/mapper/oradata-system01# # lvremove /dev/oradata/system01 --删除lvDo you really want to remove active logical volume "system01"? : yLogical volume "system01" successfully removed# # ls -l /dev/oradata/ ls: /dev/oradata/: No such file or directory# lvcreate -n system01 -L 2040M oradataLogical volume "system01" created# ls -l /dev/oradata/ total 0lrwxrwxrwx1 root root 28 Jun5 22:55 system01 -> /dev/mapper/oradata-system01# # 5.绑定裸设备# raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/mapper/oradata-system01 --注意，之前是没有/dev/raw目录的，执行后会自动创建/dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 253, minor 0# # ls -l /oradata/total 4drwxr-xr-x2 root root 4096 Jun5 23:21 system01# raw -qa--查询裸设备/dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 253, minor 06.为了保证重启后，可以挂载裸设备，修改下面文件，添加内容# cat /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices # This file and interface are deprecated.# Applications needing raw device access should open regular# block devices with O_DIRECT.# raw device bindings# format:<rawdev> <major> <minor># <rawdev> <blockdev># example: /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sda1# /dev/raw/raw2 8 5/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/mapper/oradata-system017.重启裸设备服务，验证是否能挂载# /etc/init.d/rawdevices restart--重启裸设备服务Assigning devices: /dev/raw/raw1--> /dev/mapper/oradata-system01/dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 253, minor 0done# # ls -l /dev/mapper/total 0crw-------1 root root10, 63 Jun5 23:24 controlbrw-rw----1 root disk 253,0 Jun5 23:24 oradata-system01# 8.切换到oracle用户，测试在是否能在裸设备上创建表空间# su - oracle$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 5 23:41:39 2010Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area159383552 bytesFixed Size 1218268 bytesVariable Size 142608676 bytesDatabase Buffers 12582912 bytesRedo Buffers 2973696 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> set linesize 121SQL> select * from v$tablespace; TS# NAME INC BIG FLA ENC---------- ------------------------------ --- --- --- --- 0 SYSTEM YES NOYES 11 UNDOTBS01 YES NOYES 2 SYSAUX YES NOYES 4 USERS YES NOYES 6 EXAMPLE YES NOYES 19 DEMO YES NOYES 8 STATSPACK YES NOYES 3 TEMP NONOYES 25 TESTING_LMT_ASSM YES NOYES 9 TEST YES NOYES 27 TEST_UNIFORM YES NOYES11 rows selected.SQL> create tablespace raw datafile '/dev/mapper/oradata-system01'; --这里看来不能用这个名字create tablespace raw datafile '/dev/mapper/oradata-system01' *ERROR at line 1:ORA-02216: tablespace name expectedSQL> create tablespace raw_test datafile '/dev/mapper/oradata-system01';--这里报错可以看到是权限不足，下面我们修改权限create tablespace raw_test datafile '/dev/mapper/oradata-system01'*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01119: error in creating database file '/dev/mapper/oradata-system01'ORA-27041: unable to open fileLinux Error: 13: Permission deniedAdditional information: 1SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options$ exitlogout#9.给新创建的裸设备增加权限，以使oracle能使用# cd /dev/mapper/# ls -ltotal 0crw-------1 root root10, 63 Jun5 23:24 controlbrw-rw----1 root disk 253,0 Jun5 23:24 oradata-system01# ls -l /dev/rawtotal 0crw-rw----1 root disk 162, 1 Jun5 23:34 raw1# chown -R oracle:oinstall /dev/mapper/oradata-system01 # ls -ltotal 0crw-------1 root root 10, 63 Jun5 23:24 controlbrw-rw----1 oracle oinstall 253,0 Jun5 23:24 oradata-system01# ls -l /dev/rawtotal 0crw-rw----1 root disk 162, 1 Jun5 23:34 raw1# # su - oracle$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 5 23:48:50 2010Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL> set linesize 121SQL> create tablespace raw_test datafile '/dev/mapper/oradata-system01';--有了权限后，可以创建了Tablespace created.SQL> SQL> col file_name format a50SQL> col tablespace_name format a15SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024 "TBS_Size" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='RAW_TEST';FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME TBS_Size-------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----------/dev/mapper/oradata-system01 RAW_TEST 2039.99219SQL> SQL> select * from v$tablespace; TS# NAME INC BIG FLA ENC---------- ------------------------------ --- --- --- --- 0 SYSTEM YES NOYES 11 UNDOTBS01 YES NOYES 2 SYSAUX YES NOYES 4 USERS YES NOYES 6 EXAMPLE YES NOYES 19 DEMO YES NOYES 8 STATSPACK YES NOYES 3 TEMP NONOYES 25 TESTING_LMT_ASSM YES NOYES 30 RAW_TEST YES NOYES 9 TEST YES NOYES TS# NAME INC BIG FLA ENC---------- ------------------------------ --- --- --- --- 27 TEST_UNIFORM YES NOYES12 rows selected.SQL> drop tablespace raw_test;--裸设备上drop表空间，不需要带including ... and ... ，否则会连裸设备也删除了Tablespace dropped.SQL> select * from v$tablespace; TS# NAME INC BIG FLA ENC---------- ------------------------------ --- --- --- --- 0 SYSTEM YES NOYES 11 UNDOTBS01 YES NOYES 2 SYSAUX YES NOYES 4 USERS YES NOYES 6 EXAMPLE YES NOYES 19 DEMO YES NOYES 8 STATSPACK YES NOYES 3 TEMP NONOYES 25 TESTING_LMT_ASSM YES NOYES 9 TEST YES NOYES 27 TEST_UNIFORM YES NOYES11 rows selected.SQL>上面例子在重启后，raw权限会失效，下面是解决方法下面主要修改了两个文件：1./etc/rc.local2./etc/udev/permissions.d/50-udev.permissions# raw -qa/dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 3, minor 68# raw /dev/raw/raw1 0 0 --取消绑定/dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 0, minor 0# # raw -qa# # raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/mapper/oradata-system01 /dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 253, minor 0# /etc/init.d/rawdevices restartAssigning devices: /dev/raw/raw1--> /dev/mapper/oradata-system01/dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 253, minor 0done# cat /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices |grep system01/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/mapper/oradata-system01 # raw -qa/dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 253, minor 0# # cat 50-udev.permissions | grep raw/ --这一步使 /dev/raw/raw1 在重启后权限不变raw/*:oracle:oinstall:0660# raw -qa/dev/raw/raw1:bound to major 253, minor 0# vgdisplay --- Volume group ---VG Name oradataSystem ID Format lvm2Metadata Areas 1Metadata Sequence No4VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV 0Cur LV 1Open LV 0Max PV 0Cur PV 1Act PV 1VG Size 2.00 GBPE Size 4.00 MBTotal PE 511Alloc PE / Size 510 / 1.99 GBFreePE / Size 1 / 4.00 MBVG UUID RkMm1h-oDyk-14E5-VmB5-24Vn-3VTY-46AjFe # lvdisplay --- Logical volume ---LV Name /dev/oradata/system01VG Name oradataLV UUID WWtAI3-Jn1o-kGG0-n8dL-3guH-Zk1j-jXOViTLV Write Access read/writeLV Status available# open 0LV Size 1.99 GBCurrent LE 510Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto- currently set to 256Block device 253:0 # ls -l /dev/mapper/total 0crw-------1 root root 10, 63 Jun7 19:04 controlbrw-rw----1 oracle oinstall 253,0 Jun7 19:04 oradata-system01# ls -l /dev/oradata/total 0lrwxrwxrwx1 root root 28 Jun7 19:04 system01 -> /dev/mapper/oradata-system01# ls -l /dev/rawtotal 0crw-rw----1 oracle oinstall 162, 1 Jun7 19:29 raw1# # chown oracle:oinstall /dev/mapper/oradata-system01 # ls -l /dev/mapper/total 0crw-------1 root root 10, 63 Jun7 19:04 controlbrw-rw----1 oracle oinstall 253,0 Jun7 19:04 oradata-system01# su - oracle$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 7 19:43:10 2010Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL> create tablespace raw_test datafile '/dev/mapper/oradata-system01';Tablespace created.SQL> drop tablespace raw_test;Tablespace dropped.SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options--下面修改/etc/rc.local文件，修改后如下# cat /etc/rc.local | grep systemchown oracle:oinstall /dev/mapper/oradata-system01# --下面重启测试权限问题是否解决# su - oracle$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 7 19:53:27 2010Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options$ exitlogout# rebootBroadcast message from root (pts/0) (Mon Jun7 19:54:38 2010):The system is going down for reboot NOW!# ls -l /dev/mapper/ --查看权限total 0crw-------1 root root 10, 63 Jun7 19:56 controlbrw-rw----1 oracle oinstall 253,0 Jun7 19:56 oradata-system01# ls -l /dev/oradata/ --查看权限，说明这个对使用没有影响total 0lrwxrwxrwx1 root root 28 Jun7 19:56 system01 -> /dev/mapper/oradata-system01# # su - oracle$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 7 20:01:31 2010Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area159383552 bytesFixed Size 1218268 bytesVariable Size 142608676 bytesDatabase Buffers 12582912 bytesRedo Buffers 2973696 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> SQL> create tablespace raw_test datafile '/dev/mapper/oradata-system01';Tablespace created.SQL> col file_name format a40SQL> SQL> select file_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='RAW_TEST';FILE_NAME BYTES/1024/1024---------------------------------------- ---------------/dev/mapper/oradata-system01 2039.99219SQL>
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