html 页面指定 Content-Type
经常遇到页面显示文字乱码问题，大多数是由于字符编码问题导致。通常设置<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
在页面<head>头指定字符charset=utf-8等编码方式。
Always declare the encoding of your document. Use the HTTP header if you can. Always use an in-document declaration too.
Setting the character encoding should be done in the Content-Type http header, but can also be set with the <meta charset> attribute.
The charset specified in the meta element and http header must match.
查看了大多主流网站首页都将<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">放在<meta>标签下第一行，是为了在html页面在解析过程中先指定文档编码方式，防止浏览器自动检测使用何种方式，加快页面查找时间。
In order for all browsers to recognize a <meta charset> declaration, it must be
* Within the <head> element,
* Before any elements that contain text, such as the <title> element, AND
* Within the first 512 bytes of your document, including DOCTYPE and whitespace
百度：
<head><meta content="text/html;charset=gb2312" http-equiv="Content-Type"><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head>
QQ：
<head><meta content="text/html;charset=gb2312" http-equiv="Content-Type"><meta content="IE=EmulateIE7" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"><title>腾讯首页</title>...</head>
Yahoo
<head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>Yahoo!</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="chrome=1"></head>
Taobao
<head> <meta charset="gbk"> <title>淘宝网 - 淘！我喜欢</title></head>
参考：
http://code.google.com/intl/zh-CN/speed/page-speed/docs/rendering.html#SpecifyCharsetEarly
http://www.cnblogs.com/EWall/archive/2011/04/28/2031744.html
http://www.w3.org/International/tutorials/tutorial-char-enc/
http://code.google.com/p/doctype/wiki/MetaCharsetAttribute
http://htmlpurifier.org/docs/enduser-utf8.html
http://www.cherny.com/webdev/103/the-ie-8-x-ua-compatible-meta-tag
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