wxPython:布局管理器sizer介绍
<div id="cnblogs_post_body">创建窗口中部件时显示指定位置和大小对于稍复杂一点的界面来说是非常痛苦的，所以本节看一下wxPython中布局管理器sizer的用法，同样，先看一个实例：代码：
<div class="cnblogs_code">#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-''' Function:绘图 Input：NONE Output: NONE author: socrates blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/ date:2012-07-15'''import wximport wx.lib.buttonsimport cPickleimport osclass PaintWindow(wx.Window): def __init__(self, parent, id): wx.Window.__init__(self, parent, id) self.SetBackgroundColour("Red") self.color = "Green" self.thickness = 10 #创建一个画笔 self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID) self.lines = [] self.curLine = [] self.pos = (0, 0) self.InitBuffer() #连接事件 self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.OnLeftDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self.OnLeftUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnMotion) self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize) self.Bind(wx.EVT_IDLE, self.OnIdle) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint) def InitBuffer(self): size = self.GetClientSize() #创建缓存的设备上下文 self.buffer = wx.EmptyBitmap(size.width, size.height) dc = wx.BufferedDC(None, self.buffer) #使用设备上下文 dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() self.DrawLines(dc) self.reInitBuffer = False def GetLinesData(self): return self.lines[:] def SetLinesData(self, lines): self.lines = lines[:] self.InitBuffer() self.Refresh() def OnLeftDown(self, event): self.curLine = [] #获取鼠标位置 self.pos = event.GetPositionTuple() self.CaptureMouse() def OnLeftUp(self, event): if self.HasCapture(): self.lines.append((self.color, self.thickness, self.curLine)) self.curLine = [] self.ReleaseMouse() def OnMotion(self, event): if event.Dragging() and event.LeftIsDown(): dc = wx.BufferedDC(wx.ClientDC(self), self.buffer) self.drawMotion(dc, event) event.Skip() def drawMotion(self, dc, event): dc.SetPen(self.pen) newPos = event.GetPositionTuple() coords = self.pos + newPos self.curLine.append(coords) dc.DrawLine(*coords) self.pos = newPos def OnSize(self, event): self.reInitBuffer = True def OnIdle(self, event): if self.reInitBuffer: self.InitBuffer() self.Refresh(False) def OnPaint(self, event): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self, self.buffer) def DrawLines(self, dc): for colour, thickness, line in self.lines: pen = wx.Pen(colour, thickness, wx.SOLID) dc.SetPen(pen) for coords in line: dc.DrawLine(*coords) def SetColor(self, color): self.color = color self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID) def SetThickness(self, num): self.thickness = num self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID) class PaintFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent): self.title = "Paint Frame" wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, self.title, size = (800, 600)) self.paint = PaintWindow(self, -1) #状态栏 self.paint.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnPaintMotion) self.InitStatusBar() #创建菜单 self.CreateMenuBar() self.filename = "" #创建工具栏使用的面板 self.CreatePanel() def CreatePanel(self): controlPanel = ControlPanel(self, -1, self.paint) box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) #放置水平的box sizer box.Add(controlPanel, 0, wx.EXPAND) #水平方向伸展时不改变尺寸 box.Add(self.paint, -1, wx.EXPAND) self.SetSizer(box) def InitStatusBar(self): self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar() #将状态栏分割为3个区域,比例为1:2:3 self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3) self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-1, -2, -3]) def OnPaintMotion(self, event): #设置状态栏1内容 self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"鼠标位置：" + str(event.GetPositionTuple()), 0) #设置状态栏2内容 self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"当前线条长度：%s" % len(self.paint.curLine), 1) #设置状态栏3内容 self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"线条数目：%s" % len(self.paint.lines), 2) event.Skip() def MenuData(self): ''' 菜单数据 ''' #格式：菜单数据的格式现在是(标签, (项目))，其中：项目组成为：标签, 描术文字, 处理器, 可选的kind #标签长度为2，项目的长度是3或4 return [("&File", ( #一级菜单项 ("&New", "New paint file", self.OnNew), #二级菜单项 ("&Open", "Open paint file", self.OnOpen), ("&Save", "Save paint file", self.OnSave), ("", "", ""), #分隔线 ("&Color", ( ("&Black", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO),#三级菜单项，单选 ("&Red", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), ("&Green", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), ("&Blue", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), ("&Other", "", self.OnOtherColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO))), ("", "", ""), ("&Quit", "Quit", self.OnCloseWindow))) ] def CreateMenuBar(self): ''' 创建菜单 ''' menuBar = wx.MenuBar() for eachMenuData in self.MenuData(): menuLabel = eachMenuData menuItems = eachMenuData] menuBar.Append(self.CreateMenu(menuItems), menuLabel) self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) def CreateMenu(self, menuData): ''' 创建一级菜单 ''' menu = wx.Menu() for eachItem in menuData: if len(eachItem) == 2: label = eachItem subMenu = self.CreateMenu(eachItem]) menu.AppendMenu(wx.NewId(), label, subMenu) #递归创建菜单项 else: self.CreateMenuItem(menu, *eachItem) return menu def CreateMenuItem(self, menu, label, status, handler, kind = wx.ITEM_NORMAL): ''' 创建菜单项内容 ''' if not label: menu.AppendSeparator() return menuItem = menu.Append(-1, label, status, kind) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, handler,menuItem) def OnNew(self, event): pass def OnOpen(self, event): ''' 打开开文件对话框 ''' file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*" dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Open paint file...", os.getcwd(), style = wx.OPEN, wildcard = file_wildcard) if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: self.filename = dlg.GetPath() self.ReadFile() self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename) dlg.Destroy() def OnSave(self, event): ''' 保存文件 ''' if not self.filename: self.OnSaveAs(event) else: self.SaveFile() def OnSaveAs(self, event): ''' 弹出文件保存对话框 ''' file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*" dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Save paint as ...", os.getcwd(), style = wx.SAVE | wx.OVERWRITE_PROMPT, wildcard = file_wildcard) if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: filename = dlg.GetPath() if not os.path.splitext(filename): #如果没有文件名后缀 filename = filename + '.paint' self.filename = filename self.SaveFile() self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename) dlg.Destroy() def OnColor(self, event): ''' 更改画笔内容 ''' menubar = self.GetMenuBar() itemid = event.GetId() item = menubar.FindItemById(itemid) color = item.GetLabel() #获取菜单项内容 self.paint.SetColor(color) def OnOtherColor(self, event): ''' 使用颜色对话框 ''' dlg = wx.ColourDialog(self) dlg.GetColourData().SetChooseFull(True) #创建颜色对象数据 if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: self.paint.SetColor(dlg.GetColourData().GetColour()) #根据选择设置画笔颜色 dlg.Destroy() def OnCloseWindow(self, event): self.Destroy() def SaveFile(self): ''' 保存文件 ''' if self.filename: data = self.paint.GetLinesData() f = open(self.filename, 'w') cPickle.dump(data, f) f.close() def ReadFile(self): if self.filename: try: f = open(self.filename, 'r') data = cPickle.load(f) f.close() self.paint.SetLinesData(data) except cPickle.UnpicklingError: wx.MessageBox("%s is not a paint file." % self.filename, "error tip", style = wx.OK | wx.ICON_EXCLAMATION) class ControlPanel(wx.Panel): BMP_SIZE = 16 BMP_BORDER = 3 NUM_COLS = 4 SPACING = 4 colorList = ('Black', 'Yellow', 'Red', 'Green', 'Blue', 'Purple', 'Brown', 'Aquamarine', 'Forest Green', 'Light Blue', 'Goldenrod', 'Cyan', 'Orange', 'Navy', 'Dark Grey', 'Light Grey') maxThickness = 16 def __init__(self, parent, ID, paint): wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent, ID, style = wx.RAISED_BORDER) self.paint = paint buttonSize = (self.BMP_SIZE + 2 * self.BMP_BORDER, self.BMP_SIZE + 2 * self.BMP_BORDER) colorGrid = self.createColorGrid(parent, buttonSize) #创建颜色grid sizer thicknessGrid = self.createThicknessGrid(buttonSize) #创建线条grid sizer self.layout(colorGrid, thicknessGrid) def createColorGrid(self, parent, buttonSize): self.colorMap = {} self.colorButtons = {} colorGrid = wx.GridSizer(cols = self.NUM_COLS, hgap = 2, vgap = 2) for eachColor in self.colorList: bmp = self.MakeBitmap(eachColor) b = wx.lib.buttons.GenBitmapToggleButton(self, -1, bmp, size = buttonSize) b.SetBezelWidth(1) b.SetUseFocusIndicator(False) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnSetColour, b) colorGrid.Add(b, 0) self.colorMap = eachColor self.colorButtons = b self.colorButtons].SetToggle(True) return colorGrid def createThicknessGrid(self, buttonSize): self.thicknessIdMap = {} self.thicknessButtons = {} thicknessGrid = wx.GridSizer(cols = self.NUM_COLS, hgap = 2, vgap = 2) for x in range(1, self.maxThickness + 1): b = wx.lib.buttons.GenToggleButton(self, -1, str(x), size = buttonSize) b.SetBezelWidth(1) b.SetUseFocusIndicator(False) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnSetThickness, b) thicknessGrid.Add(b, 0) self.thicknessIdMap = 2 self.thicknessButtons = b self.thicknessButtons[1].SetToggle(True) return thicknessGrid def layout(self, colorGrid, thicknessGrid): box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) #使用垂直的box szier放置grid sizer box.Add(colorGrid, 0, wx.ALL, self.SPACING) #参数0表示在垂直方向伸展时不改变尺寸 box.Add(thicknessGrid, 0, wx.ALL, self.SPACING) self.SetSizer(box) box.Fit(self) def OnSetColour(self, event): color = self.colorMap if color != self.paint.color: self.colorButtons.SetToggle(False) self.paint.SetColor(color) def OnSetThickness(self, event): thickness = self.thicknessIdMap if thickness != self.paint.thickness: self.thicknessButtons.SetToggle(False) self.paint.SetThickness(thickness) def MakeBitmap(self, color): bmp = wx.EmptyBitmap(16, 15) dc = wx.MemoryDC(bmp) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(color)) dc.Clear() dc.SelectObject(wx.NullBitmap) return bmp if __name__ == '__main__': app = wx.PySimpleApp() frame = PaintFrame(None) frame.Show(True) app.MainLoop()
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