famoushz 发表于 2013-2-4 19:30:02

shell 面试题汇集

利用top取某个进程的CPU的脚本:

 
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#/bin/sh

Max_CPU=0
Avg_CPU=0
Total_Time=1

Process=$1
Interval=$2

# check the parameters
if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
   echo "Usage: $0 ProcessName Interval"
   exit
fi

LogFile="Per.txt"
echo "`date`" > $LogFile

while sleep $Interval
do
   top -d 1 -n 1|grep $Process|grep -v grep|awk '{print $9"\t"$10}' >> $LogFile
done
 
判断是否是设备文件

 
#/bin/bash
echo -e "The program will Judge a file is or not a device file.\n\n"
read -p "Input a filename:" filename
if [ -b $filename -o -c $filename ]; then
        echo "$filename is a device file"
        exit 0
else
        echo "$filename is not a device file"
        exit 1
firead –p:用于在读数据时输出提示信息
 
注意! [ 之间是有空格的:if ! [ -f $filename ] ; then。一般用if [ ! * ]
 
添加用户:

 
#/bin/bash
 
groupadd -f class1
for i in {9909..9911}
do
        xx=`echo $i | sed 's/99//g'`
        useradd -g class1 std${xx}
        echo std${xx} | passwd std${xx} --stdin
        echo -e "user std${xx} passwd is std${xx}">>/root/newuser.txt
done
exit 0
 
       注意等号的前后不要有空格:xx=`echo $i | sed 's/99//g'`
       变量如果前后有字符,要是大括号
 
统计IP访问:

要求分析apache访问日志,找出访问页面数量在前100位的IP数。日志大小在78M左右。以下是apache的访问日志节选
 
202.101.129.218 - - "GET /online/stat_inst.php?pid=d065 HTTP/1.1" 302 20-"-" "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)"
 
 
# awk '{print $1}' log      |sort |uniq -c|sort -r |head -n10
      5 221.224.78.15
      3 221.233.19.137
      1 58.63.148.135
      1 222.90.66.142
      1 222.218.90.239
      1 222.182.95.155
      1 221.7.249.206
      1 221.237.232.191
      1 221.235.61.109
      1 219.129.183.122
 
这个地方有个疑问,为什么在使用uniq之前要sort。
 
求2个数之和

#/bin/bash
typeset first second
read -p "Input the first number:" first
read -p "Input the second number:" second
result=$[$first+$second]
echo "result is : $result"
exit 0
 
 
文本分析

取出password中shell出现的次数
第一种方法结果:
      4 /bin/bash
      1 /bin/sync
      1 /sbin/halt
     31 /sbin/nologin
      1 /sbin/shutdown
第二种方法结果:
/bin/sync       1
/bin/bash       1
/sbin/nologin   30
/sbin/halt      1
/sbin/shutdown  1
 
答案:
cat /etc/passwd|awk -F: '{if ($7!="") print $7}'|sort|uniq –c
cat /etc/passwd|awk -F: '{if ($7!="") print $7}'|sort|uniq -c | awk '{print $2,$1}'
 
 
文件整理

employee文件中记录了工号和姓名
employee.txt:
100 Jason Smith
200 John Doe
300 Sanjay Gupta
400 Ashok Sharma
bonus文件中记录工号和工资
bonus.txt:
100 $5,000
200 $500
300 $3,000
400 $1,250
要求把两个文件合并并输出如下
处理结果:
400 ashok sharma $1,250
100 jason smith  $5,000
200 john doe  $500
300 sanjay gupta  $3,000
 
答案:join employee bonus | sort -k 2
 
 
打印本机的交换分区大小

处理结果:
Swap:1024M
 
free -m | sed -n '/Swap/p' | awk '{ print $2}'
free -m | sed -n 's/Swap:\ *\(*\).*/\1/p'
 
输出本机创建20000个目录所用的时间

处理结果:
real    0m3.367s
user    0m0.066s
sys     0m1.925s
 
答案:
# time for i in {1..2000} ; do mkdir /root/neil$i; done
 
real    0m6.200s
user    0m1.128s
sys     0m4.710s
 
打印当前sshd的端口和进程id

处理结果:
sshd Port&&pid: 22 5412
 
答案:netstat -anp | grep sshd | sed -n 's/.*:::\(*\)\ .* \ \(*\)\/sshd/\1 \2/p'
 
打印root可以使用可执行文件数

处理结果:
root's bins: 2306
 
echo "root's bins: $(find ./ -type f | xargs ls -l | sed '/-..x/p' | wc -l)"
root's bins: 3664
 
编译当前目录下的所有.c文件:

 
for file in *.c; do echo $file ; gcc -o $(basename $file .c) $file  ; sleep 2;  done > compile 2>&1
 
将一目录下所有的文件的扩展名改为bak

for i in *.*;do mv $i ${i%%.*}.bak;done
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