XCode的一些调试技巧
po 命令:为 print object 的缩写,显示对象的文本描述(显示从对象的 description 消息获得的字符串信息)。比如:
http://images.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20120521/1020570.gif
上图中,我使用 po 命令显示一个 NSDictionary 的内容。注意在左侧我们可以看到 dict 的一些信息:3 key/value pairs,显示该 dict 包含的数据量,而展开的信息显示 isa 层次体系(即class 和 metaclass结构关系)。我们可以右击左侧的 dict,选中“Print Description of "dict"”,则可以在控制台输出 dict 的详细信息:
view plaincopyprint?
[*]Printing description of dict:
[*]<CFBasicHash 0x1001149e0 >{type = immutable dict, count = 3,
[*]entries =>
[*] 0 : <CFString 0x100002458 >{contents = &quot;first&quot;} = <CFString 0x100002438 >{contents = &quot;one&quot;}
[*] 1 : <CFString 0x100002498 >{contents = &quot;second&quot;} = <CFString 0x100002478 >{contents = &quot;two&quot;}
[*] 2 : <CFString 0x1000024d8 >{contents = &quot;third&quot;} = <CFString 0x1000024b8 >{contents = &quot;three&quot;}
[*]}
[*](gdb)
print 命令:有点类似于格式化输出,可以输出对象的不同信息:
如:
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[*](gdb) print (char *)[ cStringUsingEncoding:4]
[*]$1 = 0x1001159c0 &quot;{\n first = one;\n second = two;\n third = three;\n}&quot;
[*](gdb) print (int)
[*]$2 = 1
[*](gdb)
注:4是 NSUTF8StringEncoding 的值。
info 命令:我们可以查看内存地址所在信息
比如 &quot;info symbol 内存地址&quot; 可以获取内存地址所在的 symbol 相关信息:
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[*](gdb) info symbol 0x00000001000017f7
[*]main + 343 in section LC_SEGMENT.__TEXT.__text of /Users/LuoZhaohui/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/RunTimeSystem-anzdlhiwvlbizpfureuvenvmatnp/Build/Products/Debug/RunTimeSystem
比如 &quot;info line *内存地址&quot; 可以获取内存地址所在的代码行相关信息:
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[*](gdb) info line *0x00000001000017f7
[*]Line 62 of &quot;/Users/LuoZhaohui/Documents/Study/RunTimeSystem/RunTimeSystem/main.m&quot; starts at address 0x1000017f7 <main+343> and ends at 0x10000180a <main+362>.
show 命令:显示 GDB 相关的信息。如:show version 显示GDB版本信息
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[*](gdb) show version
[*]GNU gdb 6.3.50-20050815 (Apple version gdb-1708) (Mon Aug8 20:32:45 UTC 2011)
[*]Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
[*]GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
[*]welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
[*]Type &quot;show copying&quot; to see the conditions.
[*]There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.Type &quot;show warranty&quot; for details.
[*]This GDB was configured as &quot;x86_64-apple-darwin&quot;.
help 命令:如果忘记某条命令的语法了,可以使用 help 命令名 来获取帮助信息。如:help info 显示 info 命令的用法。
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[*](gdb) help info
[*]Generic command for showing things about the program being debugged.
[*]
[*]List of info subcommands:
[*]
[*]info address -- Describe where symbol SYM is stored
[*]info all-registers -- List of all registers and their contents
[*]info args -- Argument variables of current stack frame
[*]info auxv -- Display the inferior's auxiliary vector
[*]info breakpoints -- Status of user-settable breakpoints
[*]info catch -- Exceptions that can be caught in the current stack frame
[*]info checkpoints -- Help
[*]info classes -- All Objective-C classes
[*]......
[*]
[*]Type &quot;help info&quot; followed by info subcommand name for full documentation.
[*]Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.
[*](gdb)
在系统抛出异常处设置断点
有时候我们的程序不知道跑到哪个地方就 crash 了,而 crash 又很难重现。保守的做法是在系统抛出异常之前设置断点,具体来说是在 objc_exception_throw处设置断点。设置步骤为:首先在 XCode 按 CMD + 6,进入断点管理窗口;然后点击右下方的 +,增加新的 Symbolic Breakpoint,在 Symbol 一栏输入:objc_exception_throw,然后点击 done,完成。 这样在 Debug 模式下,如果程序即将抛出异常,就能在抛出异常处中断了。比如在前面的代码中,我让 ; 抛出异常。在 objc_exception_throw 处设置断点之后,程序就能在该代码处中断了,我们从而知道代码在什么地方出问题了。
【编辑推荐】
[*]XCode下的iOS单元测试
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