【转】Java操作Excel(一)Poi简介
原帖地址:http://blog.csdn.net/lgq_0714/archive/2009/09/23/4582500.aspx一.POI简介
Jakarta POI 是apache的子项目,目标是处理ole2对象。它提供了一组操纵Windows文档的Java API
目前比较成熟的是HSSF接口,处理MS Excel(97-2002)对象。它不象我们仅仅是用csv生成的没有格式的可以由Excel转换的东西,而是真正的Excel对象,你可以控制一些属性如sheet,cell等等。
二.HSSF概况
HSSF 是Horrible SpreadSheet Format的缩写,也即“讨厌的电子表格格式”。也许HSSF的名字有点滑稽,就本质而言它是一个非常严肃、正规的API。通过HSSF,你可以用纯Java代码来读取、写入、修改Excel文件。
HSSF 为读取操作提供了两类API:usermodel和eventusermodel,即“用户模型”和“事件-用户模型”。前者很好理解,后者比较抽象,但操作效率要高得多。
三.开始编码
1 . 准备工作
要求:JDK 1.4+POI开发包
可以到 http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/jakarta/poi/ 最新的POI工具包
2 . EXCEL 结构
HSSFWorkbook excell 文档对象介绍
HSSFSheet excell的表单
HSSFRow excell的行
HSSFCell excell的格子单元
HSSFFont excell字体
HSSFName 名称
HSSFDataFormat 日期格式
在poi1.7中才有以下2项:
HSSFHeader sheet头
HSSFFooter sheet尾
和这个样式
HSSFCellStyle cell样式
辅助操作包括
HSSFDateUtil 日期
HSSFPrintSetup 打印
HSSFErrorConstants 错误信息表
3 .具体用法实例 (采用 usermodel )
如何读Excel
读取Excel文件时,首先生成一个POIFSFileSystem对象,由POIFSFileSystem对象构造一个HSSFWorkbook,该HSSFWorkbook对象就代表了Excel文档。下面代码读取上面生成的Excel文件写入的消息字串:
POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\test.xls")); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0); HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) 0); String msg = cell.getStringCellValue();POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\test.xls")); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0); HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) 0); String msg = cell.getStringCellValue(); 如何写excel,
将excel的第一个表单第一行的第一个单元格的值写成“a test”。
POIFSFileSystem fs =new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls")); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0); HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short)0); cell.setCellValue("a test"); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close();
4 . 可参考文档
POI 主页:http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/,
初学者如何快速上手使用POI HSSF
http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/hssf/quick-guide.html 。
代码例子 http://blog.java-cn.com/user1/6749/archives/2005/18347.html
里面有很多例子代码,可以很方便上手。
POI的中级应该用
1、遍历workbook
// load源文件 POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(filePath)); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); for (int i = 0; i < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) { HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(i); for (int i = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); i < sheet.getLastRowNum(); i ++) { HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i); if (row != null) { 。。。操作} } } // 目标文件 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(objectPath); //写文件 swb.write(fos); fos.close(); 2、得到列和单元格
代码
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j);
3、设置sheet名称和单元格内容为中文
代码
wb.setSheetName(n, "中文",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
cell.setEncoding((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("中文");
4、单元格内容未公式或数值,可以这样读写
代码
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cell.getNumericCellValue()
5、设置列宽、行高
代码
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width);
row.setHeight((short)height);
6、添加区域,合并单元格
代码
Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo,(short)columnTo);
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()
7、常用方法
根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值
public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) { String cellValue = ""; switch (cell.getCellType()) { case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING: cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue(); if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0) cellValue=" "; break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC); cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK: cellValue=" "; break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN: break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR: break; default: break; } return cellValue; }
8、常用单元格边框格式
虚线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED
实线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN
代码
public static HSSFCellStyle getCellStyle(short type) { HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setBorderBottom(type);//下边框 style.setBorderLeft(type);//左边框 style.setBorderRight(type);//右边框 style.setBorderTop(type);//上边框 return style; }
9、设置字体和内容位置
HSSFFont f= wb.createFont(); f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号 f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗 style.setFont(f); style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中 style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);// 上下居中 style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度 HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat(); style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));// 设置单元格数据格式 cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式 style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度 cell.setCellStyle(style);
10、插入图片
论坛里看到的
//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中,以便产生ByteArray ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg")); ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut); //读进一个excel模版 FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt"); fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos); //创建一个工作薄 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(); HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10); patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
11、设置列自动换行
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setWrapText(true);
sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle((short)0, cellStyle);
设置列的宽度
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)0,(short)9000);
sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle((short)0, cellStyle);
与
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short)70);冲突
只会换行 不会设置列宽
单元格拷贝示例:
package testpoi; import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.Region;import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;/** * 将某SHEET页中的某几行复制到某SHEET页的某几行中。抱括被合并了的单元格。 */public class RowCopy {/*** @param args* @throws IOException* @throws FileNotFoundException*/@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")public static void main(String[] args) {try {POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\\exlsample.xls"));HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); // source为源sheet 页,target为目标sheet页copyRows(wb, "source", "target", 5, 6, 20);FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("d:\\exlsample.xls");wb.write(fileOut);fileOut.flush();fileOut.close();System.out.println("Operation finished");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}} /*** @param wb HSSFWorkbook* @param pSourceSheetName 源sheet页名称* @param pTargetSheetName 目标sheet页名称* @param pStartRow 源sheet页中的起始行* @param pEndRow源sheet页中的结束行* @param pPosition 目标sheet页中的开始行*/public static void copyRows(HSSFWorkbook wb, String pSourceSheetName,String pTargetSheetName, int intStartRow, int intEndRow, int intPosition) {// EXECL中的行是从1开始的,而POI中是从0开始的,所以这里要减1.int pStartRow = intStartRow - 1;int pEndRow = intEndRow - 1;int pPosition = intPosition - 1;HSSFRow sourceRow = null;HSSFRow targetRow = null;HSSFCell sourceCell = null;HSSFCell targetCell = null;HSSFSheet sourceSheet = null;HSSFSheet targetSheet = null;Region region = null;int cType;int i;int j;int targetRowFrom;int targetRowTo; if ((pStartRow == -1) || (pEndRow == -1)) {return;}sourceSheet = wb.getSheet(pSourceSheetName);targetSheet = wb.getSheet(pTargetSheetName);System.out.println(sourceSheet.getNumMergedRegions());// 拷贝合并的单元格for (i = 0; i < sourceSheet.getNumMergedRegions(); i++) {region = sourceSheet.getMergedRegionAt(i);if ((region.getRowFrom() >= pStartRow)&& (region.getRowTo() <= pEndRow)) {targetRowFrom = region.getRowFrom() - pStartRow + pPosition;targetRowTo = region.getRowTo() - pStartRow + pPosition;region.setRowFrom(targetRowFrom);region.setRowTo(targetRowTo);targetSheet.addMergedRegion(region);}}// 设置列宽for (i = pStartRow; i <= pEndRow; i++) {sourceRow = sourceSheet.getRow(i);if (sourceRow != null) {for (j = sourceRow.getLastCellNum(); j > sourceRow.getFirstCellNum(); j--) {targetSheet.setColumnWidth(j, sourceSheet.getColumnWidth(j));targetSheet.setColumnHidden(j, false);}break;}}// 拷贝行并填充数据for (; i <= pEndRow; i++) {sourceRow = sourceSheet.getRow(i);if (sourceRow == null) {continue;}targetRow = targetSheet.createRow(i - pStartRow + pPosition);targetRow.setHeight(sourceRow.getHeight());for (j = sourceRow.getFirstCellNum(); j < sourceRow.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); j++) {sourceCell = sourceRow.getCell(j);if (sourceCell == null) {continue;}targetCell = targetRow.createCell(j);targetCell.setCellStyle(sourceCell.getCellStyle());cType = sourceCell.getCellType();targetCell.setCellType(cType);switch (cType) {case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getBooleanCellValue());System.out.println("--------TYPE_BOOLEAN:"+ targetCell.getBooleanCellValue());break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:targetCell.setCellErrorValue(sourceCell.getErrorCellValue());System.out.println("--------TYPE_ERROR:"+ targetCell.getErrorCellValue());break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:// parseFormula这个函数的用途在后面说明targetCell.setCellFormula(parseFormula(sourceCell.getCellFormula()));System.out.println("--------TYPE_FORMULA:"+ targetCell.getCellFormula());break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getNumericCellValue());System.out.println("--------TYPE_NUMERIC:"+ targetCell.getNumericCellValue());break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getRichStringCellValue());System.out.println("--------TYPE_STRING:" + i+ targetCell.getRichStringCellValue());break;}}}}/*** POI对Excel公式的支持是相当好的,但是有一个问题,如果公式里面的函数不带参数,比如now()或today(),* 那么你通过getCellFormula()取出来的值就是now(ATTR(semiVolatile))和 today(ATTR(semiVolatile)),* 这样的值写入Excel是会出错的,这也是我上面copyRow的函数在写入公式前要调用parseFormula的原因,* parseFormula这个函数的功能很简单,就是把ATTR(semiVolatile)删掉。* @param pPOIFormula* @return*/private static String parseFormula(String pPOIFormula) {final String cstReplaceString = "ATTR(semiVolatile)"; //$NON-NLS-1$StringBuffer result = null;int index;result = new StringBuffer();index = pPOIFormula.indexOf(cstReplaceString);if (index >= 0) {result.append(pPOIFormula.substring(0, index));result.append(pPOIFormula.substring(index+ cstReplaceString.length()));} else {result.append(pPOIFormula);}return result.toString();}}
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