HTTP 协议通信
一：简介
HTTPCLIENT，通过JAVA基于HTTP协议进行点与点间的通信！
二： 代码举例
测试类：
import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List; import org.springside.modules.web.struts2.Struts2Utils; import com.asiainfo.boss.inter.boss30.remote.thirdpojo.RecordData;import com.asiainfo.boss.inter.web.remote.RemoteInvokeFunc;import com.asiainfo.util.Md5;import com.asiainfo.util.ParamUtils;import com.asiainfo.util.URLReader;import com.asiainfo.web.action.common.FileUtil; public class Test { private static final String WTJT_ORDER_NUM = "JTMHZHYY"; private static final String WTJT_ORDER_NUM_CX = "JTMHZHYYCX"; private static final String WTJT_KEY = "JTYWTYZXZHYY"; //key=TransactionID+Platform+KEY private static final String WTJT_KEY_CX = "JTYWTYZHYYCX"; //key=TransactionID+Platform+KEY public static void main(String[] args) { String url = "http://218.206.204.204:8888/jttiyan/order/cxzhyyorder.action"; long nowTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>"); sb.append("<GroupOrderCx>"); sb.append("<TransactionID>"); sb.append(nowTime); sb.append("</TransactionID>"); sb.append("<Platform>"); sb.append(WTJT_ORDER_NUM_CX); sb.append("</Platform>"); sb.append("<OrderMsisdn>"); sb.append("15838346666"); sb.append("</OrderMsisdn>"); sb.append("<Key>"); String key = nowTime+WTJT_ORDER_NUM_CX+WTJT_KEY_CX;//TransactionID+Platform+KEY sb.append(Md5.md5s_static(key).toUpperCase()); sb.append("</Key>"); sb.append("</GroupOrderCx>"); String ret; try { ret = URLReader.getBodyURLContent(url, sb.toString(), "UTF-8"); System.out.println("ret="+ret); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 工具类：
package com.asiainfo.util; import java.io.File;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; import com.asiainfo.boss.common.util.XmlUtil; public class URLReader { public static String getURLContent(String url,String queryString,String encoding) throws Exception { HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); // 设置代理服务器地址和端口 //client.getHostConfiguration().setProxy("192.168.200.254", 3128); // 使用GET方法，如果服务器需要通过HTTPS连接，那只需要将下面URL中的http换成https HttpMethod method = new GetMethod(url); method.setQueryString(queryString); try { int ctimeout = 5000; int stimeout = 55000; client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout( ctimeout); client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams() .setSoTimeout(stimeout); client.executeMethod(method); // 打印服务器返回的状态 // System.out.println(method.getStatusLine()); InputStream l_urlStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream(); java.io.BufferedReader l_reader = null; String sCurrentLine; StringBuilder sTotalString = new StringBuilder(); l_reader = new java.io.BufferedReader( new java.io.InputStreamReader(l_urlStream, encoding)); while ((sCurrentLine = l_reader.readLine()) != null) { sTotalString = sTotalString.append(new StringBuffer( sCurrentLine)); } sCurrentLine = null; l_urlStream.close(); l_urlStream = null; l_reader.close(); l_reader = null; method.releaseConnection(); return sTotalString.toString(); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.getMessage()); } } public static String getPostURLContent(String url, String queryString, String encoding) throws Exception { HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); // 设置代理服务器地址和端口 //client.getHostConfiguration().setProxy("192.168.200.254", 3128); HttpMethod method = new PostMethod(url); method.setQueryString(queryString); // 使用POST方法 // HttpMethod method = new PostMethod("http://java.sun.com"); try { int ctimeout = 5000; int stimeout = 55000; client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout( ctimeout); client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams() .setSoTimeout(stimeout); client.executeMethod(method); // 打印服务器返回的状态 // System.out.println(method.getStatusLine()); InputStream l_urlStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream(); java.io.BufferedReader l_reader = null; String sCurrentLine; StringBuilder sTotalString = new StringBuilder(); l_reader = new java.io.BufferedReader( new java.io.InputStreamReader(l_urlStream, encoding)); while ((sCurrentLine = l_reader.readLine()) != null) { sTotalString = sTotalString.append(new StringBuffer( sCurrentLine)); } sCurrentLine = null; l_urlStream.close(); l_urlStream = null; l_reader.close(); l_reader = null; method.releaseConnection(); return sTotalString.toString(); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new Exception(ex.getMessage()); } } public static String getBodyURLContent(String url,String body,String encoding) throws Exception { HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); // 设置代理服务器地址和端口 //client.getHostConfiguration().setProxy("192.168.200.254", 3128); // 使用GET方法，如果服务器需要通过HTTPS连接，那只需要将下面URL中的http换成https PostMethod method = new PostMethod(url); //method.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, "UTF-8"); //method.addRequestHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=UTF-8"); method.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset="+encoding); method.setRequestBody(body); try { int ctimeout = 5000; int stimeout = 55000; client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout( ctimeout); client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams() .setSoTimeout(stimeout); client.executeMethod(method); // 打印服务器返回的状态 // System.out.println(method.getStatusLine()); InputStream l_urlStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream(); java.io.BufferedReader l_reader = null; String sCurrentLine; StringBuilder sTotalString = new StringBuilder(); l_reader = new java.io.BufferedReader( new java.io.InputStreamReader(l_urlStream, encoding)); while ((sCurrentLine = l_reader.readLine()) != null) { sTotalString = sTotalString.append(new StringBuffer( sCurrentLine)); } sCurrentLine = null; l_urlStream.close(); l_urlStream = null; l_reader.close(); l_reader = null; return sTotalString.toString(); } catch (IOException ex) { throw ex; }finally{ method.releaseConnection(); } } /* * 下载一个文件到本地,返回true/false */ public static boolean snatchAtFile(String url, String filePath) { try { HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); // 设置代理服务器地址和端口 //client.getHostConfiguration().setProxy("192.168.200.254", 3128); int ctimeout = 5000; int stimeout = 55000; client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout( ctimeout); client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams() .setSoTimeout(stimeout); GetMethod get = new GetMethod(url); client.executeMethod(get); File storeFile = new File(filePath); FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(storeFile); // 得到网络资源的字节数组,并写入文件 output.write(get.getResponseBody()); output.close(); get.releaseConnection(); } catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; } }
通信结果：
ret的值:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><GroupAccOrder><TransactionID>1326875539875</TransactionID><Platform>JTMHZHYYCX</Platform><ResultCode>0000</ResultCode><ResultMsg><OrderInfo><OrderID>1326870197656</OrderID><GroupName>公司名称</GroupName><OrderTime>2012-01-18 15:03:22</OrderTime><OrderSta>1</OrderSta><CusManName></CusManName><CusMsisdn></CusMsisdn></OrderInfo><OrderInfo><OrderID>1326869919921</OrderID><GroupName>公司名称</GroupName><OrderTime>2012-01-1814:58:41</OrderTime><OrderSta>1</OrderSta><CusManName></CusManName><CusMsisdn></CusMsisdn></OrderInfo><OrderInfo><OrderID>1326860084421</OrderID><GroupName>公司名称</GroupName><OrderTime>2012-01-18 12:14:45</OrderTime><OrderSta>1</OrderSta><CusManName></CusManName><CusMsisdn></CusMsisdn></OrderInfo></ResultMsg></GroupAccOrder>
总结：
首先HTTPCLIENT 支持以PostMethod与GetMethod 方式进行通信！除了设置PostMethod的实例与GetMethod有些不同之外，剩下的步骤都差不多。
下面来看看它们的实现步骤：
1. 创建 HttpClient 的实例
2. 创建某种连接方法的实例，在这里是GetMethod。在 GetMethod 的构造函数中传入待连接的地址
3. 调用第一步中创建好的实例的 execute 方法来执行第二步中创建好的 method 实例
4. 读 response
5. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接
6. 对得到后的内容进行处理
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