Linux下使用Tomcat7搭建高性能Java服务器
1. 架构说明： nginx + 4个tomcatnginx作为前端代理，并且肩负负载均衡的作用，多个tomcat可以解决单台服务器高并发的性能问题，至于后端放几个tomcat要看你的服务器有多大内存，我的服务器是4核的CPU，8G内存。
2. nginx安装简单说明:
编译参数：
--prefix=/opt/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex \
--enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server \
--enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
可以根据自己的环境修改配置
nginx.conf配置：
userwww;worker_processes8;error_log/opt/logs/nginx/default/error/log;pid logs/nginx.pid;worker_rlimit_nofile51200; events {useepoll;worker_connections1024; #有的设置到65535}http { includemime.types; default_typeapplication/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size128;client_header_buffer_size128k;large_client_header_buffers8128k;client_max_body_size200m;client_body_buffer_size128k;proxy_connect_timeout600;proxy_read_timeout600;proxy_send_timeout600;proxy_buffer_size16k;proxy_buffers432k;proxy_busy_buffers_size64k;log_format main '$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';access_log /opt/logs/nginx/default/access/logmain;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;tcp_nodelay on;keepalive_timeout65;fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;fastcgi_send_timeout 300;fastcgi_read_timeout 300;fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;gzipon;gzip_min_length1k;gzip_buffers4 16k;gzip_comp_level8;gzip_http_version1.1;gzip_typestext/plainapplication/xml;gzip_varyon;proxy_temp_path/opt/nginx_cache/proxy_temp_path;proxy_cache_path/opt/nginx_cache/proxy_cache_path levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g; upstream testservers { server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 127.0.0.1:8082 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 127.0.0.1:8083 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; } server { listen80; server_name test.com; index index.html index.htm index.php index.jsp;charsetutf-8;location ~ .*\.(js|jpg|JPG|jpeg|JPEG|bmp|gif|GIF)$ {proxy_cache cache_one;proxy_cache_valid 200 304 1h;proxy_cache_valid 301 302 1m;proxy_cache_valid any 1m;proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;proxy_pass http://testervers;proxy_redirect default;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header Host $http_host;proxy_set_headerRange $http_range;proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;}location / {proxy_pass http://testservers;proxy_redirect default;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header Range $http_range;proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;} # 对管理后台进行访问限制 location ^~/manager/ { allow 你的IP; deny all; proxy_pass http://testservers; proxy_redirect default; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header Range $http_range; proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; } } }}
从上面配置可以看出，nginx会把http请求均匀分发给8080,8081,8082,8083几个端口的后端服务，实现负载均衡的效果。
3. Tomcat 配置
server.xml配置，由于一个<Service></Service>会启动一个实例，所以我们这里要启动4个tomcat实例就设置4个Service :
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /><GlobalNamingResources> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /></GlobalNamingResources><Service name="Catalina0"> <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" minSpareThreads="100" acceptCount="1000" connectionTimeout="50000" maxThreads="3000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" redirectPort="8443" /> <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost"appBase="/opt/www/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> </Host> </Engine></Service><Service name="Catalina1"> <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" minSpareThreads="100" acceptCount="1000" connectionTimeout="50000" maxThreads="3000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" redirectPort="8444" /> <Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8444" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost"appBase="/opt/www/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> </Host> </Engine></Service> <Service name="Catalina2"> <Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1" minSpareThreads="100" acceptCount="1000" connectionTimeout="50000" maxThreads="3000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" redirectPort="8445" /> <Connector port="8011" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8445" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost"appBase="/opt/www/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> </Host> </Engine></Service><Service name="Catalina3"> <Connector port="8083" protocol="HTTP/1.1" minSpareThreads="100" acceptCount="1000" connectionTimeout="50000" maxThreads="3000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" redirectPort="8446" /> <Connector port="8011" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8446" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost"appBase="/opt/www/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> </Host> </Engine></Service></Server> 然后可以设置tomcat为Linux的服务，以便可以自动启动，创建权限为755的配置文件：/etc/init.d/tomcat，内容如下：
#!/bin/bash## tomcatd This shell script takes care of starting and stopping# standalone tomcat## chkconfig: 345 91 10# description:tomcat service# processname: tomcat# config file:# Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source networking configuration.. /etc/sysconfig/network# Check that networking is up.[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0prog=tomcatexport JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdkexport CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcatexport CATALINA_OPTS='-Xms2048m -Xmx2048m' #初始化JVM内存可以自己根据情况设置PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/binSTARTUP=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.shSHUTDOWN=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.shif [ ! -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh ]then echo "CATALINA_HOME for tomcat not available" exitfistart() { # Start daemons. echo -n $"Startting tomcat service: " daemon $STARTUP RETVAL=$? return $RETVAL}stop() { # Stop daemons. echo -n $"Stoping tomcat service: " $SHUTDOWN RETVAL=$? return $RETVAL}# See how we were called.case "$1" instart) start ;;stop) stop ;;restart|reload) stop start RETVAL=$? ;;status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;;*) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}" exit 1esacexit $RETVAL 添加服务：chkconfig --add tomcat
设置自动启动：chkconfig tomcat on
另外，需要修改tomcat/bin/startup.sh，在#!/bin/sh下面添加：CATALINA_OPTS='-Xms2048m -Xmx2048m'
4. Tomcat全局filter解决乱码问题：
代码就不写了，说下过程，filter代码网上到处都是，我要说的在tomcat/conf/web.xml中增加filter配置，和在单独应用中增加一样，然后把filter的class打包jar文件放在tomcat/lib目录下即可。
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